论我国意定监护监督机制的实施进路

Supervision System of Intended Guardianship:A Practical Approach in China

我国《民法典》规定的成年意定监护制度中,意定监护监督机制存在缺失。通过比较典型国家的意定监护监督机制可以发现,由公证机构介入意定监护监督的“双轨监督”有助于实现公力监督和私力监督的平衡。在我国法语境下,这一路径已经具备了规范基础与实践基础。未来,我国应以司法解释或特别法的形式,倡导以公证的方式设立意定监护并由公证机构作为意定监护监督人。公证机构在意定监护的设立(事前)、意定监护职责的履行(事中)和意定监护的救济(事后)三个方面,分别履行意定监护协议审查、监督私力监督人和监护人、申请撤销监护人资格和参与意定监护纠纷调解等职责,从而构建起我国以公证机构为核心的意定监护全程监督方案。

Although the Civil Code stipulates the adult intended guardianship,there are shortcomings in its supervision mechanism.By comparing supervision mechanisms of intended guardianship in different countries,it can be found that the“dual track supervision mechanism”involving notary institutions in the intended guardianship is more conducive to achieving the balance between public supervision and private supervision,and under the legal context of China,this path has already been provided with normative basis and practical basis.In the future,our country should,in the form of judicial interpretation or special law,advocate that the intended guardianship should be determined by notary procedures,with the notary institutions as the intended guardianship supervisor,which should perform the duties of assisting the review of the intended guardianship agreement(before the guardianship),supervising the private supervisor and the guardian(during the guardianship),applying for revocation of guardianship and mediating intended guardianship disputes(after the guardianship).Therefore,a whole process supervision plan for China’s adult intended guardianship with notary institutions as the core has been established.