转基因食品安全的领域归属与法律规制

Domain Ownership and Legal Regulation of Genetically Modified Food Safety

转基因食品安全领域通常会存在着各利益主体在领域归属确认与安全规制过程中的利益博弈。运用博弈论思维,构建博弈模型对法律领域与科学领域主体在食品安全规制下的交互策略选择进行分析可知,法律领域是转基因食品安全规制的正当性基础来源。从经济效益与潜在风险视角看,明确转基因食品安全的概念及其领域归属、遵循法律规制理论与实践动态差别化经验、借鉴欧盟设置的严格规制模式以及探究我国转基因食品安全的规制路径,具有重要意义。在我国涉及转基因食品安全立法的文件中,《食品安全法》等相关规范的硬法属性不足,应该采取“以外促进”方式,推进转基因基本法律规范的制定实施,建立健全转基因食品标识制度,拓展转基因食品领域公众参与监管途径,完善转基因食品安全侵权救济举措,多渠道创新规制路径以便有效应对转基因食品安全风险。在转基因食品安全的法律领域归属明确之后,相关领域规范性法律文件应将重点放在协调人身权益或是生态权益与成本收益之间的冲突,突出安全健康的优先地位。

In the field of genetically modified food safety,there is usually a game of interests among various stakeholders in the process of domain ownership confirmation and safety regulation.By using game theory thinking,this paper constructs a game model to analyze the interaction strategy choices of subjects in the legal and scientific fields under the food safety regulation.It can be seen that the legal field is the legitimate foundation source of the GM food safety regulation.From the perspective of economic benefits and potential risks,it is of great significance to put forward the concept of GM food safety and its domain attribution,follow the dynamic differential experience of legal regulation theory and practice,learn from the strict regulation model set by the European Union,and explore the regulation path of China’s GM food safety.In the legislative documents related to the safety of genetically modified foods,the hard legal attributes of relevant regulations such as the Food Safety Law are insufficient.China should adopt an“external promotion”approach to promote the development and implementation of basic legal norms for genetically modified foods,establish and improve the labeling system for genetically modified foods,expand public participation and supervision channels in the field of genetically modified foods,and improve remedies for infringement of genetically modified food safety,innovate regulatory pathways through multiple channels to effectively address the safety risks of genetically modified food.After the legal domain of genetically modified food safety is clearly defined,the focus of normative legal documents in relevant fields is to coordinate the conflict between personal or ecological rights and cost-benefit,highlighting the priority of safety and health.