《尼各马可伦理学》中的友爱论探析

Research on the Theory of Friendship in The Nicomachean Ethics

友爱在亚里士多德伦理学研究中占有重要地位,并且是支撑古希腊城邦民主制度的基础。在《尼各马可伦理学》中,友爱与情爱、仁爱不同,友爱是出于自然高贵的品质,与德性紧密相关,区别于单纯的情爱;友爱存在于平等者之间,仁爱则是有差序的。关于友爱的分类,亚里士多德基于“善、快乐、有用”和“平等与差等”两种维度进行划分,从中得出友爱追求的是一种平等与回报。在友爱的终止及在当今时代的落实问题上,朋友需真心相待,同时,朋友也需要限量。

Friendship occupies an important place in the study of Aristotle’s ethics and underpinned the democratic system of the ancient Greek city-state.In The Nicomachean Ethics,friendship is different from love and benevolence;it is a natural and noble quality,closely related to virtue,and different from mere love;it exists between equals,while benevolence is differentiated.With regard to the classification of friendship,Aristotle based his division on the dimensions of“goodness,pleasure,and usefulness”and“equality and inferiority,”from which he concluded that friendship pursues a kind of equality and reward.In terms of the termination of friendship and its implementation in this day and age,friends need to be treated with sincerity,and at the same time,friends need to be limited.