肠道微生物群与认知损害

Gut microbiota and cognitive impairment

随着全球老龄化加剧,罹患认知损害的人数不断增加,其给患者、患者家属和社会带来了沉重的负担,但有关病因尚未完全明确。越来越多的研究显示,肠道微生物群与认知损害的发生密切相关。肠道菌群通过肠―脑轴与中枢神经系统进行双向通讯交流,而肠道生态系统的紊乱可能导致认知损害的发生和进展。其机制可能包括神经炎症、屏障功能破坏、菌群代谢产物及饮食结构改变等,通过调整肠道菌群可以改善认知功能。基于二者的关联可为认知损害的防治提供新的临床思路。

With the acceleration of aging worldwide,the number of people living with cognitive impairment is rising,bringing a heavy burden on the patients,families,and society.However,the etiology has not been completely clarified.An increasing body of studies have shown that the gut microbiota is closely related to the occurrence of cognitive impairment.The gut microflora communicates with the central nervous system in a two‐way manner through the gut‐brain axis,and an imbalance in the gut ecosystem may lead to the occurrence and progression of cognitive impairment.The mechanisms may include neuroinflammation,barrier dysfunction,bacterial metabolite changes,and dietary changes.Cognitive function can be improved by adjusting the intestinal flora.The relationship between the gut microbiota and cognitive function can provide new insights into the prevention and treatment of cognitive impairment.