m^(6)A修饰在哺乳动物生理发育与疾病发生中的功能和机制

The Function and Mechanism of m^(6)A Modification in Mammalian Physiological Development and Disease Occurrence

基因时空特异性表达在机体发育和疾病发生中起重要调控作用。N6-甲基腺苷(N6-methyladenosine,m^(6)A)是真核生物RNA中最常见的表观遗传修饰方式。m^(6)A修饰通过改变RNA结构、RNA与RNA结合蛋白的相互作用,调控RNA剪接、亚细胞定位、翻译和稳定性等过程,保证基因及时准确的表达。研究表明,m^(6)A不仅在机体发育中发挥重要作用,其功能障碍通过改变细胞功能,参与多种疾病的发生。本文总结了m^(6)A修饰在哺乳动物生理发育与疾病发生中的功能和机制,以期为m^(6)A修饰进行转化研究和临床治疗应用提供理论依据。

The spatiotemporal specific expression of genes plays an important regulatory role in organism development and disease occurrence.N6-Methyladenosine(m^(6)A)is the most common epigenetic modification in eukaryotic RNAs.The m^(6)A modification ensures timely and accurate gene expression by changing RNA structure and the interaction between RNAs and RNA-binding proteins,and regulating RNA splicing,subcellular localization,translation and stability.Recent studies have shown that m^(6)A not only plays an important role in the development of organisms,but also is involved in the occurrence of various diseases by changing cell functions.This review focused on the function and mechanism of m^(6)A modification in mammalian physiological development and disease occurrence,hoping to provide a theoretical basis for using m^(6)A modification in clinical treatment.