政策工具视角下陕西省智慧养老政策量化研究——以江苏省智慧养老政策为对照

Quantitative research on smart elderly care policies in Shaanxi Province from the perspective of policy tools—a comparison of smart elderly care policies of Jiangsu Province

[目的]通过对陕西省智慧养老政策进行量化分析,为后续政府相关政策的制定与优化提供参考。[方法]选取20份陕西省和17份江苏省智慧养老政策为研究对象,结合政策工具和马斯洛需求层次理论构建二维分析框架进行量化分析,并以陕西省智慧养老政策为核心,以江苏省智慧养老政策为对照,探究两省政策样本的对比分析。[结果]研究发现,陕西省智慧养老政策的供给型、需求型、环境型政策工具分别占比为42.89%、17.83%和39.28%;老年人的生理需求、安全需求、社交需求、尊重需求和自我实现需求分别占比为26.43%、41.72%、14.01%、14.01%和3.83%。江苏省智慧养老政策的供给型、需求型、环境型政策工具分别占比为43.48%、26.57%、29.95%,老年人的生理需求、安全需求、社交需求、尊重需求和自我实现需求分别占比为22.03%、36.81%、21.74%、14.78%和4.64%。[结论]江苏省智慧养老政策工具结构较陕西省合理,注重以需求型政策工具的拉动力来营造长期的、良好的智慧养老政策生态环境,同时也更加重视老年人的社交需求、尊重需求和自我实现需求的满足。陕西省智慧养老政策工具使用不均衡,过于依赖供给型和环境型政策工具,从而忽视了需求型政策工具的运用,此外,政策对老年人需求层次的满足呈现较大差异,主要集中于老年人的基础需求,对于社交需求、尊重需求、自我实现需求关注较少。

Objective This paper provides the reference for the formulation and optimization of subsequent government policies through the quantitative analysis of smart elderly care policies in Shaanxi Province.Methods 20 smart elderly care policies of Shaanxi Province and 17 elderly care policies of Jiangsu Province were selected as research objects.A two-dimensional analysis framework combining policy tools and Maslow s Hierarchy of Needs was constructed for quantitative analysis.This paper explored the comparative analysis of the two provinces policy samples by taking smart elderly care policies of Shaanxi Province as the core and smart elderly care policies of Jiangsu Province as the contrast.Results The study found that the supply-oriented policy tools,demand-oriented policy tools and environmental policy tools of smart elderly care policies in Shaanxi Province accounted for 42.89%,17.83%and 39.28%respectively;the physiological needs,safety needs,social needs,esteem needs and self-actualization needs of the elderly accounted for 26.43%,41.72%,14.01%,14.01%and 3.83%respectively.The supply-oriented policy tools,demand-oriented policy tools and environmental policy tools of smart elderly care policies in Jiangsu Province accounted for 43.48%,26.57%and 29.95%respectively;the physiological needs,safety needs,social needs,esteem needs and self-actualization needs of the elderly accounted for 22.03%,36.81%,21.74%,14.78%and 4.64%respectively.Conclusions The structure of smart elderly care policy tools in Jiangsu Province is more reasonable than that in Shaanxi Province.It pays attention to creating a long-term and good ecological environment for smart elderly care policies with the impetus of demand-oriented policy tools.At the same time,more emphasis is placed on the satisfaction of social needs,esteem needs and self-actualization needs of the elderly.However,the use of smart elderly care policy tools in Shaanxi Province is not balanced.The policies overly rely on supply-oriented policy tools and environmental policy tools,thus neglecting the application of demand-oriented policy tools.In addition,policies have shown significant differences in meeting the needs of the elderly,mainly focusing on the basic needs of the elderly,with less attention paid to social needs,esteem needs and self-actualization needs.