文山牛体重和体尺生长规律的分析

Analysis of Growth Rules of Body Weight and Body Size of Wenshan Cattle

为了解文山牛的体重和体尺性状的生长发育规律,加强文山牛品种选育,进一步提高文山牛的生产性能,该研究随机选取30头文山牛母牛和10头文山牛公牛为试验对象,测定出生、断奶、6、12、18、24月龄和36月龄的体重和体尺指标。结果表明,文山牛公、母牛均为早期生长速度较快,24月龄后生长速度缓慢,相对生长速率总体上呈现下降的趋势;公、母牛体重在0~6月龄增长最快,从出生到断奶时体重、体高、十字部高、体斜长、胸围、腹围和管围相对生长速率最快,公、母牛18~24月龄属于役用型,36月龄属于役肉兼用型;除体斜长外,体重与其余性状均为极显著相关(P<0.01),文山牛公、母牛体斜长指数(公牛从断奶到6月龄除外)和胸围指数均随着年龄的增长而变大,而体躯指数分别在18月龄和36月龄达到顶峰,管围指数变化不明显。

In order to understand the growth and development of body weight and body size traits of Wenshan cattle,strengthen breed selection and further improve the production performance of Wenshan cattle,30 Wenshan female cattles and 10 Wenshan male cattles were randomly selected to determine the body weight and body size indexes at birth,weaning,6,12,18,24 months and 36 months old.The results showed that the growth rate of male and female cattle was faster in the early stage,but slower after 24 months old,and the relative growth rate showed a downward trend in general.The body weight of male and female increased the fastest in 0~6 months old,from birth to weaning,the relative growth rates of body weight,body height,hip height,body slanting length,chest circumference,abdominal circumference and pipe circumference were the fastest.18~24 months old of male and female cattle belong to the draft type,36 months old belong to the service meat type.Except body slanting length,body weight was significantly correlated with other traits(P<0.01).The body slanting length index(except from weaning to 6 months old)and chest circumference index of Wenshan cattle increased with age,while the body index reached the peak at 18 months and 36 months old,respectively,and the tube circumference index did not change significantly.