基于瀑布模型的微课资源设计与开发

Design and Development of Microlecture Resources Based on Waterfall Model

在“互联网+教学”信息化教学改革背景下,微课作为开放式教育的主要资源之一而备受关注。但通过文献分析及实操发现,微课在开发过程中存在开发进度难以把控、知识碎片严重、升级维护困难、学习效果欠佳等问题,根源于“五个基本问题”:缺少开发模式遵循、缺少顶层设计规划、缺少配套系列文档、缺少用户需求分析和缺少专业技术支持。文章从软件工程的角度看微课开发,围绕教学改革目标,立足学情,以软件工程中的瀑布模型为模式参照,提出微课开发瀑布模型,即“问题定义、需求分析、设计阶段、开发阶段、测试阶段、维护阶段”,旨在为微课资源开发提供设计思路和制作原则。此外,构建完备的学习评价体系,为检验和维护“微课产品”提供数据参考。

In the context of the"Internet+teaching"information-based teaching reform,microlecture has attracted much attention as one of the main resources of open education.However,through literature analysis and practical operation,it has been found that there are problems in the development process of micro courses,such as difficulty in controlling development progress,severe knowledge fragmentation,difficulty in upgrading and maintaining,and poor learning effectiveness.The root cause is the"five basic problems":lack of development mode adherence,lack of top-level design planning,lack of supporting series of documents,lack of user demand analysis,and lack of professional technical support.The article looks at the development of micro courses from the perspective of software engineering,focusing on the goals of teaching reform,based on the learning situation,and referring to the waterfall model in software engineering,proposes a waterfall model for microlecture development,which includes"problem definition,requirement analysis,design stage,development stage,testing stage,and maintenance stage".It aims to provide design ideas and production principles for the development of microlecture resources.In addition,a complete learning evaluation system is constructed to provide data reference for the inspection and maintenance of"microlecture products".