数字经济发展的就业效应及其作用路径

Employment Effect of Digital Economy Development and Its Action Path

数字经济的智能化特征形成了就业破坏和就业创造的双重效应,网络化特征则促进了劳动力供需双方的匹配,二者均会影响劳动力的就业结构。文章基于2010—2019年我国30个省份的面板数据,利用固定效应模型和中介效应模型实证检验数字经济发展的就业效应及其作用路径。结果表明:数字经济发展显著地促进了就业结构向制造化、服务化、高技术化、高技能化方向调整,呈现单极化趋势。进一步检验发现,数字经济发展通过失业劳动力数量和劳动力市场匹配效率两种作用路径对就业结构产生显著的间接影响,且这种间接影响具有明显的区域异质性。

The intelligent characteristics of digital economy have created dual effects of job destruction and job creation,while the network features promote the matching of labor supply and demand,both of which will affect the employment structure of labor force.Based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2010 to 2019,this paper uses fixed effect model and intermediary effect model toempirically test the influence mechanism and path of employment effect of digital economy.The results show that the development of digital economy significantly promotes the adjustment of employment structure in the direction of manufacturing,service,high technology and high skill,showing the trend of unipolarization.Further study shows that the development of digital economy has a significant indirect influence on employment structure through two action paths:the number of unemployed labor force and the matching efficiency of labor market,the indirect influence having obvious regional heterogeneity.