港台学者劳思光的清代学术思想研究

On Lao Siguang(Lao Sze-kwang)'s Study of Qing Academic Thought

劳思光于20世纪80年代在中国台湾出版的《新编中国哲学史》,是继胡适《中国哲学史大纲》、冯友兰《中国哲学史》之后又一具有里程碑意义的中国哲学史著作。该书曾作为台湾地区许多高校的教材使用,具有较高的学术价值。相较于梁启超、胡适、钱穆、侯外庐等人的相关研究,劳思光重点揭示了清代学术在“求是”的追求之外,坚持儒家“通经”信仰的保守一面;厘清了清代学术思想因“致用”而强调“通经”,因“通经”而从事“考古”的发展脉络;在肯定清代学术宗师戴震治学合乎科学精神的同时,亦分析了戴震学术思想在论证与逻辑上的缺漏。在反思清代学术思想得失的基础上,劳思光主张对传统文化采取一种扬弃的态度,就是摒弃其“封闭成分”,吸收其“开放成分”。他的这些学术观点,对于当下的中国传统学术研究及两岸学术文化互动均不无借鉴意义。

Lao Siguang(Lao Sze-kwang)'s"New History of Chinese Philosophy"(Xinbian Zhongguo zhexue shi)published in China Taiwan in the 1980s,is a landmark work of Chinese philosophy history,following Hu Shi's"Outline of the History of Chinese Philosophy"and Feng Youlan's""A History of Chinese Philosophy."The book has been used as a textbook in many universities in Taiwan,and it also has high academic value.Compared with the research of Liang Qichao,Hu Shih,Qian Mu(Ch'ien Mu),and Hou Wai-lu,Lao focuses on revealing the conservative side of Qing scholarship,which emphasized the Confucian belief of"tong jing"(penetrating the classics)in addition to the pursuit of"qiu shi"(seeking truth).He also clarifies the development of Qing academic thought,which emphasized"tong jing"for the sake of"zhi yong"(practical application)and engaged in"kao gu"(archaeology)for the sake of""tong jing."While affirming that the scholarly work of Qing master Dai Zhen was in line with the spirit of science,Lap also analyzes the gaps in Dai Zhen's academic thought in terms of argumentation and logic.Based on his reflection on the gains and losses of Qing academic thought,Lao advocates an attitude of rejecting and absorbing traditional culture,which is to discard its"closed components"and absorb its open components."His academic views are of great reference value for the current research on Chinese traditional studies and academic and cultural exchanges between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits.