复合益生菌对绍兴鸭血清生化、盲肠短链脂肪酸及微生物区系的影响

Effects of Compound Probiotics on Serum Biochemistry,Cecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Microflora of Shaoxing Ducks

试验旨在探究嗜酸乳杆菌、屎肠球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和地衣芽孢杆菌组成的复合益生菌在不同添加量下对绍兴鸭血清生化指标、盲肠短链脂肪酸及微生物区系的影响。试验选用健康、体重相近1日龄绍兴鸭1200只,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复60只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,A组在基础饲粮的基础上添加100 mg/kg复合益生菌,B组在基础饲粮的基础上添加200 mg/kg复合益生菌,C组在基础饲粮的基础上添加300 mg/kg复合益生菌。预试期3 d,正试期30 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,①各试验组的平均日增重(ADG)和平均日采食(ADFI)量在数值上有增加趋势(P>0.05);各试验组的料重比显著降低(P<0.05),其中B组较其他试验组相比降低比率较大,为4.2%。②各试验组血清中总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶等指标差异不显著(P>0.05);各试验组血清中免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、免疫球蛋白A(IgA)含量极显著增加(P<0.01),而血清中免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。③各试验组盲肠中乙酸含量显著增加(P<0.05),盲肠中丙酸和丁酸含量差异不显著(P>0.05),A组盲肠异戊酸含量差异显著(P<0.05)。④基于门水平,各试验组拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)相对丰度均差异显著(P<0.05);基于属水平,差异菌属瘤胃球菌属(Ruminococcus_torques_group)和拉氏鳞毛蕨属(Lachnoclo stridium)差异显著(P<0.05)。综上所述,复合益生菌可降低绍兴鸭料重比,提高血清中IgM、IgA含量;增加盲肠中乙酸含量以及拟杆菌门和拟杆菌属的丰度,降低厚壁菌门的丰度,且在配合饲料中添加100~200 mg/kg剂量较好。

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus,Enterococcus faecium,Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus lichenifor⁃mis compound probiotics on serum biochemistry,cecal short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)and microbiota of Shaoxing ducks at different supplemental levels.A total of 12001-day-old Shaoxing ducks with similar body weight were randomly divided into 4 groups with 5 replicates per group and 60 ducks per replicate.Piglets in control group were fed a basal diet;Group A was fed the basal diet supplemented with 100 mg/kg compound probiotics;Group B was fed the basal diet supplemented with 200 mg/kg compound probiotics;Group C wasfed the basal diet supplemented with 300 mg/kg compound probiotics. The pre-feeding period lasted for3 days, and the normal feeding period lasted for 30 days. The results showed as follows: ① comparedwith the control group, the average daily gain (ADG) and average daily intake (ADFI) of the groupssupplemented with compound probiotics had a numerical trend of increasing (P>0.05);the ratio of feed togain in complex probiotics groups was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the reduction ratio in groupB was 4.2%. ② Compared with the control group, there were no significant differences in serum total protein,albumin, globulin, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in group A, B and C (P>0.05);Serum IgM and IgA were significantly increased (P<0.01), while serum IgG content was not significantlydifferent (P>0.05). ③ Compared with the control group, the acetic acid content in cecum of groupA, B and C was significantly increased (P<0.05), but the propionic acid and butyric acid contents in cecumwere not significantly different (P>0.05), and the supplemental dose in the combined diet was 100-200 mg/kg.