江西不同类型甘薯富硒高产品种筛选

Screening of Selenium-enrichment and High-yield Varieties of Different Types Sweet Potato in Jiangxi Province

【目的】为探究不同类型品种甘薯的产量和富硒特征,筛选一批适宜在江西富硒土壤种植的甘薯品种,为江西省富硒甘薯品种选择和栽培提供参考。【方法】通过田间试验方法,选取适宜江西地区种植的17个不同类型甘薯品种(鲜食型13个,菜用型3个,淀粉型1个),分析甘薯产量、块根硒吸收等特征。【结果】17个供试甘薯品种中,产量(每667 m^(2))差异显著,其中普薯32的产量最高,达1412.43 kg,赣渝3号次之,为1319.68 kg。每667 m^(2)产量1000 kg以上的品种有7个,而哈密和台农71的产量较低,均低于每667 m^(2)500 kg。此外,各品种硒含量差异较为明显,变化幅度为0.03~0.14 mg/kg,而广薯87、龙薯9号、福薯7-6、赣薯3号和赣渝3号等5个品种块根硒含量均超过0.1 mg/kg,达到了国家富硒含量标准(0.1~1 mg/kg)。聚类分析显示,不同甘薯品种硒含量可分为3类,其中广薯87为唯一硒高积累品种,达0.14 mg/kg,而商薯19、福薯604、龙薯9号、福薯7-6、赣薯3号和赣渝3号等6个品种为硒中高积累品种,块根硒含量为0.09~0.11 mg/kg,其余为硒低积累品种。同时,块根硒含量高的甘薯品种,其硒富集系数也高。【结论】兼顾甘薯块根产量及其硒积累,可选择鲜食型广薯87、赣渝3号与菜用型福薯7-6等甘薯品种在江西富硒土壤中推广种植。

[Objective]The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of yield and selenium enrichment of different types sweet potato varieties as well as screen out a number of sweet potato varieties suitable for cultivation in selenium-rich soil in Jiangxi province.The research results could provide reference for the selection and cultivation of selenium-rich sweet potato varieties in Jiangxi province.[Method]17 different types of sweet potato varieties(including 13 fresh eating type,3 vegetable type and 1 starch type)suitable for cultivation in Jiangxi were selected by field test methods to analyze the characteristics of sweet potato yield and selenium uptake by tubers[.Result]Among the 17 sweet potato varieties,there were significant differences in yield,with Pushu 32 having the highest yield of 1412.43 kg/667m^(2) and GanYu 3 having the second highest yield of 1319.68 kg/667m^(2).7 varieties had yields over 1000 kg/667m^(2),while Hami and Tainong 71 varieties had lower yields,both below 500 kg/667m^(2).In addition,the selenium content of each variety varied more significantly,ranging from 0.03 to 0.14 mg/kg.Among them,five varieties,including Guangshu 87,Longshu 9,Fushu 7-6,Ganshu 3 and GanYu 3,all had a selenium content of more than 0.1 mg/kg in their tubers,reaching the national standard for selenium-rich content(range from 0.1 to 1 mg/kg).Cluster analysis showed that the selenium content of different sweet potato varieties could be divided into three categories,among which Guangshu 87 was the only variety with high selenium accumulation,reaching 0.14 mg/kg;while six varieties such as Shangshu 19,Fushu 604,Longshu 9,Fushu 7-6,Ganshu 3 and GanYu 3 were of medium to high selenium accumulation,with root selenium content reaching 0.09 to 0.11 mg/kg,and the rest varieties were low selenium accumulation.Meanwhile,sweet potato varieties with high selenium content in tubers also had high selenium enrichment coefficients.[Conclusion]Taking into account the yield of sweet potato tubers and their selenium accumulation,sweet potato varieties such as fresh-food type Guangshu 87,GanYu 3 and vegetable type Fushu 7-6 can be selected for promotion in selenium-rich soil in Jiangxi province.