鄱阳湖地区扶桑绵粉蚧寄主植物调查及寄生蜂鉴定

Host Plant Investigation and Parasitoid Identification of mealybug(Phenacoccus solenopsis)in Poyang Lake Area

【目的】为明确扶桑绵粉蚧Phenacoccus solenopsis在鄱阳湖地区发生危害情况,掌握其寄生性天敌的种类、寄生特点及生态控害功能。【方法】对鄱阳湖周边地区扶桑绵粉蚧及寄生天敌概况进行随机抽样调查,采用形态学结合mtCOⅠ基因序列分析对寄生蜂鉴定分析。【结果】该地区扶桑绵粉蚧发生较为普遍,寄主植物种类较多,共涉及26科59种,棉花、胡麻等大田经济作物发生较重,辣椒等部分蔬菜、马齿苋等部分杂草类也是该虫的偏好型寄主;扶桑绵粉蚧寄生蜂共有2科4个种,分别为跳小蜂科的班氏跳小蜂Aenasius bambawalei、南京刷盾跳小蜂Cheiloneurus nankingensis、缘长原跳小蜂Prochiloneurus sp.和蚜小蜂科的豹纹花翅蚜小蜂Marietta picta,其中班氏跳小蜂是初级寄生蜂的优势种,其余3种均为重寄生蜂,而南京刷盾跳小蜂为重寄生蜂的优势种。班氏跳小蜂与南京刷盾跳小蜂的寄生僵蚧所占比例分别为47.91%、32.89%,孵化出的寄生蜂分别为126头、751头,出蜂数占全部寄生蜂总量的13.26%、79.05%,且南京刷盾跳小蜂始终伴随班氏跳小蜂的发生而发生,对后者控害功能具有巨大的干扰作用。通过Kimura2-Parameter(K2P)计算4种寄生蜂的mtCOⅠ序列的遗传距离为0.0602~0.3355,总平均遗传距离0.1026。【结论】基于鄱阳湖地区扶桑绵粉蚧发生的普遍性,利用班氏跳小蜂的寄生功能,是控制扶桑绵粉蚧种群数量的重要方法,但降低南京刷盾跳小蜂的重寄生干扰,是发挥班氏跳小蜂生态控害功能的关键。

[Objective]This study aims to confirm the occurrence,distribution and host range of themealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis(Hemiptera:Pseudococcidae)and its parasitoids’species,characteristics and control potential in Poyang Lake area.[Method]Random sampling investigations were conducted in the area,the parasitoids of mealybug were identified by the analysis of morphological and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1(mtCOⅠ)gene sequence[.Result]The occurrence of the mealybug is common in Poyang Lake area.It has many host plants including 59 species belonging to 26 families.The pest occurs seriously in cotton,flax and other cash crops in the field.Some vegetables such as pepper and some weeds such as purslane were the preferred host plants of the mealybug.The parasitoid wasps of P.solenopsis were categorized into 2 families and 4 species,Aenasius bambawalei,Cheiloneurus nankingensis,Prochiloneurus sp.(Hymenoptera:Encyrtidae)and Marietta picta(Hymenoptera:Aphelinidae).Among these wasp species,A.bambawalei was the primary parasitoid and the dominant taxon while the other three species are hyperparasitoids with a prevalence of C.nankingensis The proportion of the mummy for A.bambawale and C.nankingensis was 47.91% and 32.89%,respectively.The number of hatched parasitoid was 126 and 751,accounting for 13.26% and 79.05% of the total number of parasitic wasps.In addition,the occurrence of the two wasps was always accompanied by each other,which had a huge interference on pest control.Kimura2 Parameter(K2P)calculated that the genetic distance of mtCOⅠsequence of four parasitoids was 0.0602~0.3355,and the total average genetic distance was 0.1026.[Conclusion]Based on the occurrence of mealybug in Poyang Lake area,making full use of the ecological control function of A.bambawale is an important method to prevent the outbreak of P.solenopsis.In addition,reducing the interference of hyperparasitoids C.nankingensis is the key to exert the ecological function of A.bambawale.