少数民族大学生普通话习得策略研究

A Study of Strategies for the Acquisition of Standard Mandarin by Ethnic Minority College Students

利用SPSS软件对四川三州高校的351名少数民族大学生的问卷调查数据进行量化分析,发现少数民族大学生普通话习得现状较好,达到比较标准水平;习得态度端正,社会动机明显;在学校学习和人际交往是普通话习得的主要途径;城乡、民族、年级、母语情况不会对普通话习得产生显著影响;但在学习普通话过程中注重本体性价值,忽视工具性价值;主要问题是缺少说普通话的环境氛围,主要困难是声调不准,测试最难的是“说话”。为此,应该加大普通话工具性价值的宣传,大力营造说普通话的氛围,强化口语教学和测试培训。

Using SPSS software to quantitatively analyze the questionnaire data of 351 ethnic minority college students from colleges in three prefectures of Sichuan,it is found that the current situation of ethnic minority college students’acquisition is good and has reached the comparative standard level.The acquisition attitude is positive and social motivation is obvious.Learning in school and interpersonal communication are the main ways to acquire standard Mandarin;urban and rural areas,ethnic group,grade and mother tongue have no significant influence on standard Mandarin acquisition.However,in the process of learning standard Mandarin,they pay attention to the ontological value and ignore the instrumental value.The main problem is the lack of the environment to speak standard Mandarin;the main difficulty is the tone is not correct,and the most difficult test is“speaking”.Therefore,we should increase the publicity of the instrumental value of standard Mandarin,vigorously create the atmosphere of speaking standard Mandarin,and strengthen oral English teaching and test training.