两种典型的语音转喻:语调转喻和音顿转喻

Intonation Metonymy and Syllable Pause Metonymy

语音转喻典型成员有二:一是语调转喻,一是音顿转喻。前者是指将句末边界调“基频走高”和“基频走低”作为传递疑问信息和陈述信息的重要手段,后者是指将二音顿和二一音顿语句收尾形式作为营造道白风格和吟咏风格的基本途径。尽管语调转喻和音顿转喻很早即为学界所关注,但在有关解释上始终未能形成统一认识。文章根据事实再观照以及歧见再梳理指出:对于语调转喻形义关系的建立来说,起决定作用的乃是质疑和陈述时的心理状态;对于音顿转喻形义关系的建立来说,起决定作用的乃是不同音顿形式与生理节律和心理节律的不同对应联系。

As a phonetic metonymy,there are two typical types.One is intonation metonymy and the other is syllable pause metonymy.The former refers to using the fundamental frequency rising and fundamental frequency falling at the end of a sentence as metonymic means to convey questioning and declarative information,while the latter refers to using the two tone ending and two tone+one tone ending of a sentence as metonymic means to create a Daobai style(spoken style in an opera)and a chanting style.Although the aforementioned metonymy has long been of concern to the academic field,its explanations are various.Based on facts and differences,this article argues that for the establishment of the metaphorical relationship in intonation metonymy,the decisive factor is the psychological state of questioning and declaration;while for the establishment of the metaphorical relationship in syllable pause metonymy,the decisive factor is the different corresponding relationships between different syllable pause forms and physiological and psychological rhythms.