汉语母语焦点副词“都”的等级预设习得研究

L1 Acquisition of the Scalar Presupposition of the Focus Adverb“Dou”in Mandarin Chinese

学前儿童是否掌握焦点副词的等级预设是一个悬而未决的问题。本研究采用诱导推论任务,比较了等级凸显和未凸显情境下汉语儿童对等级焦点副词“都”的理解。研究结果表明,在等级未凸显的情境中,学前儿童通常忽略“都”的等级预设;在等级凸显的情景中,他们可以跟学龄儿童和成人一样推导“都”的等级预设。这说明学前儿童已习得与等级焦点副词相关的信息结构知识。因此,学前儿童在理解等级预设时异于学龄儿童和成人,并非因为儿童早期语法中缺失等级预设的推导机制,而是因为加工选项集中的等级序列对儿童造成了困难。

It is controversial whether preschoolers have the knowledge of scalar presupposition.Using elicited inference tasks,the present study compared Chinese preschoolers' understanding of the scalar focus adverb“dou”in scale-salient and scale-obscure contexts.The results showed that Chinese preschoolers were insensitive to the scalar presupposition of “dou”in scale-obscure contexts,but became sensitive to it when the scale of alternatives was explicitly demonstrated.These findings indicate that the information structure related to scalar presupposition has been onset for preschoolers.Therefore,preschoolers' insensitivity to scalar presupposition does not result from their incomplete linguistic knowledge,but from their inability to construct the alternative scale.