河南省鹤壁市某区公共场所室内空气中化学污染物健康风险评估

Health risk assessment of chemical pollutants in indoor air of public places in a region of Hebi city,Henan province

目的了解2019年河南某区宾馆(酒店)、理发(美容)店室内空气中甲醛、氨、苯、甲苯、二甲苯的污染状况并评估其对从业人员的健康风险。方法依据《公共场所卫生检验方法第2部分:化学污染物》(GB/T 18204.2-2014)进行采样、检测,并依据《化学物质环境健康风险评估技术指南》(WS/T 777-2021)评估化学污染物对从业人员的健康风险。结果宾馆(酒店)空气中苯、甲苯、二甲苯的非致癌风险(HQ)均小于1,甲醛的HQ中位数大于1;理发(美容)店空气中氨、甲苯、二甲苯的HQ均小于1,苯的HQ最大值大于1,甲醛的HQ最小值大于1。评估了甲醛、苯的致癌风险(CR),两类场所空气中甲醛致癌风险(CR)最小值均高于10-6,最大值均高于10-4;苯的CR最小值均低于10-6,最大值介于10-6~10-4之间。结论两类场所中氨、苯、甲苯、二甲苯的非致癌风险较低,但理发(美容)店空气中苯也存在极端值大于1的情况;苯具有一定致癌风险,甲醛存在非致癌风险且引起癌症的风险较高,需要开展持续性监测与风险评估。

Objective To understand the indoor air pollution of formaldehyde,ammonia,benzene,toluene and xylene in hotels and barbers(beauty shops)in a region of Henan in 2019 and assess the health risks to employees.Methods Sampling and testing were carried out according to Testing Methods for Public Places-Part 2:Chemical Pollutants(GB/T 18204.2-2014),and the health risks of chemical pollutants to employees were assessed according to Technical Guide for Environmental Health Risk Assessment of Chemical Exposure(WS/T 777-2021).Results The non-carcinogenic hazard quotients(HQ)of benzene,toluene and xylene in the air of hotels were all less than 1,while the median HQ of formaldehyde was greater than 1.The HQ of ammonia,toluene and xylene in the air of barbers(beauty shops)were all less than 1;the maximum HQ of benzene was greater than 1,and the minimum HQ of formaldehyde was greater than 1.The minimum carcinogenic risks of formaldehyde in the air of two types of places were all higher than 10-6,and the maximum values were all higher than 10-4.The minimum values of carcinogenic risk of benzene were lower than 10-6,and the maximum values were between 10-6 and 10-4.Conclusions The noncarcinogenic risks of ammonia,benzene,toluene and xylene in the two types of places are low,but the extreme value of benzene in the air of barbers(beauty shops)is greater than 1;benzene has a certain carcinogenic risk;formaldehyde has a non-carcinogenic risk and a high carcinogenic risk,which requires continuous monitoring and risk assessment.