C2B2C城市民宿的制度选择

Institutional Choice of C2B2C Urban Homestay

在国家政策和共享经济的推动下,民宿产业经历了几年的高速发展期。怯于创制与鼓励民宿发展的地方管理办法和规避管理的民宿平台将C2B2C城市民宿认定为房屋租赁。C2B2C城市民宿虽与租赁合同制度形式相合,但实践中已被作为经营场所规制,学理也认为其脱离了住宿本质。若坚持选择租赁合同制度,民宿平台需付出住改商成本。这一成本在投资性居住权制度中没有存在基础,因其投资属性、法人主体、扩张客体、收益权能、适租和维修义务符合民宿发展。租赁合同制度的债权自由会导致C2B2C城市民宿合同解除频繁、租金快速上涨,并可能盲目扩张。相比之下,用益物权的稳定属性可助力其稳定发展。用登记换取物权强大的保护力度,用一次性支付换取确定的对价,用长期限换取收益回本。

Driven by national policies and share economy,homestay industry has experienced several years of rapid development.The local management methods that are timid in creating and encouraging homestay development and the homestay platforms that avoid management recognize C2B2C urban homestay as house renting.Although C2B2C urban homestay is in line with the form of rental contract system,it has been regulated as business premises in practice,and academic theory also regards it as deviating from the essence of accommodation.If homestay platforms insist on choosing the rental contract system,they will have to pay the cost of converting accommodation to commercial use,and such a cost has no foundation in the investment-based residency system,for its investment attribute,legal entity,expansion object,income right,rentable nature and maintenance obligation are in line with homestay development.The freedom of creditor’s rights under the lease contract system can lead to frequent termination of C2B2C urban homestay contract,rapid rent increase and potential blind expansion.In contrast,the stable attribute of usufruct can help its stable development.Strong protection intensity of property rights can be achieved by using registration,determined consideration can be achieved by using a lump sum,and income return can be achieved by using long-term limit.