潍坊地区骨密度异常患病率调查及影响因素分析

Analysis of prevalence and influencing factors of abnormal bone density rate in Weifang

目的了解潍坊地区体检人群骨密度异常(低骨量及骨质疏松)发病情况及影响因素,为该地区低骨量和骨质疏松的防治提供依据。方法用DXA骨密度仪对潍坊地区2010—2021年15180例50岁及以上男性和绝经后女性体检人群进行骨密度(BMD)测量及问卷调查,排除骨代谢性疾病,分析性别、年龄、体质指数、骨折史、家族骨折史、生育数、行经年数、绝经年龄、烟龄、长期饮酒、饮浓茶、喝牛奶、运动、服用钙片、常服维生素D(VitD)等因素对骨密度异常的影响。结果本研究总体人群BMD异常率为42.22%,其中OP率为15.68%。男、女BMD异常(25.21%、58.62%)和OP发生率(6.07%、24.95%)。男性及绝经后女性各年龄段BMD异常及OP患病率整体随年龄增长而上升,且各年龄段男性患病率均低于绝经后女性,其差异有统计学意义。其中男性BMD异常率最高的70~79岁年龄段(32.96%),OP患病率最高的是≥80岁组(13.61%);女性BMD异常率及OP率最高的均为≥80岁组,分别为77.47%及43.96%。②对于≥50岁的男性,体质指数、常运动是BMD异常的保护性因素;骨折史、烟龄、常服钙片则是其危险因素。体质指数、家族骨折史与T值呈正相关,烟龄、常服VitD、常饮酒与之呈负相关(P<0.05)。③对于绝经后女性,体质指数、绝经年龄、行经年数、常喝牛奶是BMD异常的保护性因素,年龄、骨折史、生育数则为危险因素。体质指数、行经年数、绝经年龄、常喝奶与T值有正相关关系,年龄、骨折史、生育数与之呈负相关(P<0.01)。结论潍坊地区体检人群低骨量和骨质疏松的患病率低于全国水平,年龄、性别、生活习惯、饮食习惯、女性月经和生育情况、骨折史和家族骨折史等因素对骨密度变化有一定影响。

Objective To understand the prevalence and influencing factors of abnormal bone density in physical examination population in Weifang between 2010-2021,and to provide basis for the prevention and treatment of low bone mass and osteoporosis in this area.Methods DXA bone densitometer was used to measure the bone mineral density(BMD)of 15,180 male and postmenopausal women aged 50 years and above in Weifang area from 2010 to 2021,and a questionnaire survey was conducted.The influencing factors of low bone mass and osteoporosis,such as gender,age,body mass index,history of fractures,family history of fractures,fertility number,years of menstruation span,menopause age,years of smoking,long-term drinking,strong tea intaking,milk intaking,sports,calcium intaking and vitamin D intaking were Analyzed.Results The BMD abnormality rate of the general population in this study is 42.22%,of which the OP rate is 15.68%.The prevalence of abnormal BMD in men was 25.21%,which in postmenopausal women was 58.62%;the prevalence of OP in men was 6.07%,which in postmenopausal women was 24.95%.The BMD abnormality and OP prevalence rate of men and postmenopausal women increased with age,and the prevalence rate of men in all age groups was lower than that of postmenopausal women,the difference was statistically significant.Among them,the highest BMD abnormality rate was in the age group of 70-79 years old(32.96%),and the highest prevalence rate of OP was in the age group≥80 years old(13.61%);The highest rates of BMD abnormality and OP in women were 77.47%and 43.96%in the group≥80 years old.②For men≥50 years old,body mass index and regular exercise are protective factors for abnormal BMD;Fracture history,smoking age and taking calcium tablets regularly were the risk factors.Body mass index and family fracture history were positively correlated with T value,while smoking age,regular intake of VITD and regular drinking were negatively correlated with T score(P<0.05).③For postmenopausal women,body mass index,menopausal age,years of menopause,regular milk drinking are protective factors of abnormal BMD;while age,fracture history and number of births are risk factors.Body mass index,years of menopause,menopausal age,and regular milk consumption were positively correlated with T score,while age,fracture history,and fertility were negatively correlated with T score(P<0.01).Conclusion The prevalence of low bone mass and osteoporosis in the physical examination population in Weifang is lower than the national level,and the factors such as age,gender,living habits,dietary,female menstruation and fertility,fracture history and family fracture history have certain influence on bone mineral density change.