数字鸿沟中老年人数字失能及其测量指标研究

Research on the Digital Disability and Measurement Indicators of the Elderly in the Digital Divide

在人口老龄化背景下,为更好进行数字社会建设、提升社会治理水平,需要重点关注数字能力不足的老年群体。对数字化、数字鸿沟、数字不平等以及数字素养等概念之间的逻辑关系进行了梳理。数字鸿沟是不平等现象在数字社会的体现。个人特征、社会关系以及宏观社会经济背景等多种因素的共同影响,导致了个体之间、区域之间的数字鸿沟。老年数字鸿沟反映在个人数字能力上,就是老年人的数字失能,即老年人无能力、无意愿或无需求跨越数字鸿沟,导致“说不出”“听不见”“无法外出”“丧失财务管控能力”“自我控制能力不足”和“技不能学”等问题,给个人、家庭的日常生活带来不便。从数字鸿沟的接入沟、使用沟和知识沟角度来看,数字失能有三个层次,分别为不具备数字化生存能力、数字化生存能力部分缺失、数字化生存能力相对缺失。总结了衡量数字失能的相应指标。

In the background of aging,it is necessary to focus on the elderly population with inadequate digital abilities in order to carry out the construction of a digital society and improve the level of social governance.The logical relationships between concepts such as digitization,digital divide,digital inequality,and digital literacy have been sorted out.The digital divide is a manifestation of inequality in the digital society.The combined influence of personal characteristics,social relationships,and macroeconomic backgrounds leads to the digital divide between individuals and regions.The digital divide among the elderly is reflected in their digital abilities,which is the digital disability.It means that the elderly people have dfficulties crossing the digital divide due to their inability,or lacking of willingness and demand.The factors above lead to problems such as"unable to speak","unable to hear","unable to go out","loss of financial control ability","inadequate self-control ability",and"inability to learn new skills",which cause inconvenience for their families in daily lives.From the perspectives of access,use,and knowledge gaps in the digital divide,digital disability has three levels:the inability to survive digitally,partial loss of digital survival ability,and relative loss of digital survival ability.Relevant indicators for measuring digital disability are summarized.