回归核心知识:美国赫希课程思想及其启示

Back to Core Knowledge:Hirsch’s Curriculum Thoughts and Enlightenment

20世纪80年代,为应对技术革命和社会变革的新要求,美国国家优质教育委员会对基础教育质量状况进行了全面调查,并于1983年发布了《国家处在危险之中》。该报告揭示了美国基础教育所处的现实困境,表明课程改革迫在眉睫。对此,美国教育家赫希指出,这种“危险”的根源在于美国主流教育思想过于偏狭,基础教育课程轻视知识,从而导致了学生学习质量的下降和社会不公问题的加剧。基于此,赫希构建了基于共同基础的学校课程思想,形成了基于质量与公平的课程目标观、基于语言与文化的课程内容观、基于考试与知识的课程评价观。赫希的课程思想不仅对美国教育产生了重要影响,对我国教育基本理论研究和学校课程建设也具有重要的启示意义。

In the 1980s,in response to the new requirements of technological revolution and social change,the National Commission on Excellence in Education of the United States conducted a comprehensive survey of the quality of basic education,and in 1983 issued the report of A Nation at Risk.The report reveals the realistic difficulties of basic education in the United States and the urgency of curriculum reform.E.D.Hirsch,the American scholar,pointed out that the root of the“risk”lies in the narrowness of American mainstream educational thought and the basic curriculum despises knowledge,which leads to the decline of students’learning quality and the aggravation of social injustice.Based on this,Hirsch constructed the school curriculum thought based on common foundation,formed the curriculum objective view based on quality and fairness,curriculum content view based on language and culture,curriculum evaluation view based on examination and knowledge.Hirsch’s curriculum thought not only has an important influence on American education,but also has an important enlightenment on the research of basic educational theory and school curriculum construction in China.