元嘉“四学”综论

Comprehensive Discussion on Yuanjia“Four Academic Institutions”

刘宋时期的“四学”并立,是中国古代分科设立学校之权舆。“四学”的设立,与晋宋之际官方资助办学的传统、官方史书修撰制度、史学学术传承、玄谈风气转变、文学观念独立等学术文化因素密切相关,而其现实的触发机制则是君、相之间的政治斗争。仔细梳理、分析宋文帝任命雷次宗等人执掌“四学”的原因,对准确理解宋文帝一朝的政治、学术、文化具有重要的参考意义。

In the Liu Song Dynasty,the“Four Academic Institutions”were established simultaneously,which was the start of setting up different schools according to different disciplines in ancient China.The establishment of the“Four Academic Institutions”was closely related to the academic and cultural factors such as the tradition of official funding for school running,the system of official history book compilation,the academic inheritance of history,the change of the atmosphere of metaphysical discourse,and the independence of literary during the Jin and Song dynasties.However,the actual triggering mechanism was the political struggle between the king and the minister.A careful analysis of the reasons why Emperor Wen appointed Lei Cizong and others to take charge of the“Four Academic Institutions”is of great reference significance to accurately understand the politics,academia and culture of Emperor Wen’s dynasty.