重庆市某县50岁及以上HIV/AIDS流行特征及趋势分析

Epidemiological characteristics and trend analysis of HIV/AIDS cases aged 50 years and above in a county of Chongqing

目的了解重庆市某县50岁及以上人群人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染者/获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)患者(HIV/AIDS)变化趋势和流行病学特征,为中老年人群制定AIDS防治策略和干预措施提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对某县截至2021年底确诊时年龄大于或等于50岁HIV/AIDS的相关信息,以及报告数、构成比年度变化趋势等进行分析。结果2004年某县报告第1例AIDS患者,截至2021年12月31日累计报告HIV/AIDS 955例,其中50岁及以上HIV/AIDS 488例,占51.10%(488/955)。历年报告HIV/AIDS构成比呈上升趋势,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=82.512,P<0.001)。488例患者平均年龄(60.69±8.02)岁,男女比例为2.8∶1.0;73.16%(357/488)为已婚或有配偶;57.99%(283/488)为小学文化程度;56.56%(276/488)为农民(工);59.02%(288/488)的病例样本主要来源于医疗机构就诊检测,30.53%(149/488)为主动咨询检测;94.88%(463/488)为异性性传播感染。男女异性性接触史、非婚异性性接触史比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论重庆市某县50岁及以上人群HIV/AIDS疫情上升快,形势严峻。应积极采取有针对性的AIDS防治宣传教育、咨询检测和综合干预措施,遏制中老年人AIDS疫情的流行和蔓延。

Objective To understand the changing trend and epidemiological characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS)among people aged 50 and above in a county of Chongqing,and to provide scientific basis for formulating AIDS prevention and treatment strategies and intervention measures for middle-aged and elderly people.Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the relevant information of HIV/AIDS cases aged≥50 at the time of diagnosis in a county by the end of 2021,as well as the annual trend of the number and composition of cases reported.Results The first case of AIDS was reported in a county in 2004.As of December 31,2021,a total of 955 cases of HIV/AIDS were reported,including 488 cases of HIV/AIDS aged≥50 and above,accounting for 51.10%(488/955).The proportion of HIV/AIDS reported over the years showed an upward trend,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=82.512,P<0.001).The mean age was(60.69±8.02)years old,and the ratio of male to female was 2.8∶1.0;73.16%(357/488)were married or had a spouse;57.99%(283/488)were primary school educatiton level;Farmers(workers)accounted for 56.56%(276/488);59.02%(288/488)cases were mainly from medical institutions,and 30.53%(149/488)were active counseling and testing.94.88%(463/488)were heterosexual sexually transmitted infections.Compared with the history of heterosexual contact between men and women,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The HIV/AIDS epidemic among people aged 50 and above in a county of Chongqing is rising rapidly and the situation is grim.Targeted AIDS prevention and control publicity,education,counseling,testing and comprehensive intervention measures should be actively adopted to contain the epidemic and spread of AIDS among middle-aged and elderly people.