小胶质细胞在糖尿病视网膜病变中的研究进展

Advances in the study of microglia in diabetic retinopathy

小胶质细胞相当于脑和脊髓中的巨噬细胞,是中枢神经系统中重要的免疫防线。在视网膜中参与视网膜神经元的发育并维持其功能。糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)的显著特征是慢性高血糖导致的血管神经变性,进展至严重的增殖性糖尿病性视网膜病变时,纤维血管膜在视网膜表面生长,会发生牵拉性视网膜脱离伴不可逆的视力丧失。活化的小胶质细胞可以促进DR的炎症反应并破坏血-视网膜屏障的正常生理功能。本研究通过分析小胶质细胞的生理特性,探讨小胶质细胞在DR中的促炎、免疫作用,以期为DR的预防和治疗提供有效的临床策略。

Microglia are the equivalent of macrophages in the brain and spinal cord and are essential immune defenses in the central nervous system.Microglia are involved in the development of retinal neurons in the retina and maintain their function.The distinctive feature of diabetic retinopathy(DR)is the vascular neurodegeneration caused by chronic hyperglycaemia.Upon progression to severe proliferative DR,fibrovascular membranes grow on the retinal surface,causing tractional retinal detachment with irreversible vision loss.Activated microglia can trigger inflammatory responses in the DR and disrupt the normal physiological function of the blood-retinal barrier.In this study,the physiological properties of microglia were analyzed to investigate the pro-inflammatory and immunological roles of microglia in DR,with a view to providing effective clinical strategies for the prevention and treatment of DR.