生活方式及环境因素对孕前女性抑郁情绪影响的关联分析

Association analysis of the effects of lifestyle and environmental factors on depression status of preconception women

目的探究孕前女性抑郁状况的影响因素,为改善孕前女性心理健康提供依据。方法采用自行设计的问卷调查2021年9月至2022年4月在南京市妇幼保健院孕前保健门诊就诊的孕前女性的基线特征、抑郁状况、生活方式和环境暴露因素;采用流调用抑郁调查(CES-D)量表了解孕前女性抑郁情况,CES-D评分<16分者归为正常组,CES-D评分≥16分者归为抑郁症状组。结果纳入的1724例孕前女性中,15.0%存在不同程度的抑郁情况。正常组和抑郁症状组在受教育水平(χ^(2)=32.608)、个人年收入(χ^(2)=18.131)、吸烟(χ^(2)=10.750)、晚睡(χ^(2)=7.040)及宠物接触(χ^(2)=11.631)方面差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。采用多元Logistic回归分析发现高受教育水平(硕士及以上)及高个人年收入(20万以上)是孕前女性抑郁的保护因素,OR及其95%CI值分别为0.47(0.30~0.73)、0.57(0.36~0.91);而吸烟、0点后入睡和宠物接触>1次/周是孕前女性抑郁的危险因素,OR及其95%CI值分别为1.52(1.08~2.13)、1.85(1.16~2.96)、1.55(1.14~2.10)。结论南京地区的孕前女性具有较高的抑郁情绪,受教育水平、个人年收入、吸烟、晚睡及宠物接触与孕前女性抑郁的发生显著相关。

Objective To explore the factors influencing depression status of preconception women and to provide a basis for improving their mental health.Methods From September 2021 to April 2022,a self-designed questionnaire was conducted to investigate the baseline characteristics,depression status,lifestyle and environmental exposure factors of the preconception women attending the preconception health care clinic of Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital.The center for epidemiological studies depression(CES-D)scale was used to investigate depression in preconception women.Those with CES-D scores<16 were categorized as the normal group,and those with CES-D scores≥16 were categorized as the depressive symptom group.Results Among the 1724 preconception women participated in this study,15.0%had different degrees of depression.There were statistically significant differences in educational levels(χ^(2)=32.608),personal income(χ^(2)=18.131),smoking(χ^(2)=10.750),late sleeping(χ^(2)=7.040),and exposure to pets(χ^(2)=11.631)between depressive symptom group and normal group(P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression showed that high educational level(master's degree and above)and high personal income(more than 200 thousand)were the protective factors for depression in pre-pregnant women,and the OR and 95%CI were 0.47(0.30-0.73),0.57(0.36-0.91).While smoking,sleeping late after 0:00,and pet exposure>1 time/week were the risk factors for depression,and the OR and 95%CI were 1.52(1.08-2.13),1.85(1.16-2.96)and 1.55(1.14-2.10).Conclusion Preconception women in the certain area of Nanjing have a high level of depression.Educational levels,personal income,smoking,late sleeping and pet exposure are significantly related to depression status of preconception women.