顶空气质联用法鉴别不同发育期蚕豆花挥发性成分

Identification of the Volatile Components of Broad Bean Flowers at Different Developmental Stages by Using the Headspace-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

通过研究不同发育期蚕豆花的挥发性成分,解析蚕豆花挥发性成分的生物功能,为蚕豆花挥发性成分的开发利用提供科学依据。采用顶空气质联用法对不同发育期蚕豆花的挥发性成分进行检测分析。结果表明:从蚕豆花中共分离鉴定出35种挥发性成分,包括醇类、酯类、醛类、酮类、萜烯类、烷烃类、芳香族类、生物碱类等。从花蕾期、初开期、盛开期、凋谢期蚕豆花中分别鉴定出12、14、18、20种挥发性成分,相对总含量分别为80.90%、83.46%、81.53%、84.56%。蚕豆花花蕾期主要挥发性成分有苯乙醇、正己醛、溴化香叶酯、蘑菇醇,初开期主要挥发性成分有正己醛、溴化香叶酯、蘑菇醇,盛开期主要挥发性成分有β-蒎烯、正己醛,凋谢期主要挥发性成分有β-蒎烯、正己醛、苯甲醛、苯乙醇。随着蚕豆花的生长发育,挥发性成分的数量逐渐增加。醇类、酯类、醛类、萜烯类成分是蚕豆花的主要挥发性物质,对蚕豆花气味具有重要贡献。蚕豆花挥发性成分在吸引虫媒、抵御病原菌和害虫侵害中发挥重要作用,凋谢期蚕豆花挥发性成分丰富,可提取用于开发昆虫引诱剂、驱避剂或植物源天然保鲜剂。

By studying the volatile components of broad bean flowers at different developmental stages,the biological functions of volatile components of broad bean flowers were analyzed to provide a scientific basis for the development and utilization of volatile components of broad bean flowers.The volatile components of broad bean flowers at different developmental stages were detected and analyzed by using the method of headspace-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.The results showed that:A total of 35 volatile components were isolated and identified from broad bean flowers,including alcohols,esters,aldehydes,ketones,terpenes,alkanes,aromatics,alkaloids,etc.A total of 12,14,18 and 20 volatile components were identified from the flowers of broad bean at the bud stage,initial opening stage,full blooming stage and withering stage,respectively.The relative total contents were 80.90%,83.46%,81.53%and 84.56%,respectively.The main volatile components of broad bean flowers in the floral bud period were phenylethyl alcohol,n-hexanal,brominated geranyl ester and mashroom alcohol.The main volatile components in the early opening period were n-hexanal,brominated geranyl ester and mushroom alcohol,while the main volatile components in the full blooming period wereβ-pinene and n-hexanal.And the main volatile components of broad bean flowers in the withering period wereβ-pinene,n-hexanal,benzaldehyde and phenethyl alcohol.With the growth and development of broad bean flowers,the number of volatile components gradually increased.Alcohols,esters,aldehydes and terpenes were the main volatile substances of broad bean flowers,which had an important contribution to the odor of broad bean flowers.The volatile components of broad bean flowers played an important role in attracting insect media and protecting against pathogens and pests.The volatile components of broad bean flowers during the withering period were rich,which could be extracted for the development of insect attractants,repellents or plant-derived natural preservatives.