栽培密度与钾肥施用量对普薯32农艺性状和产量的影响

Effects of Planting Density and Application Rate of Potassium Fertilizer on Agronomic Traits and Yield of Pushu 32

为明确普薯32的最佳栽培密度和钾肥适宜施用量,设置栽培密度(D)和钾肥施用量(K)的交互试验,研究二者对普薯32农艺性状和产量的影响,其中D1、D2、D3分别为40500、45000、49500株·hm^(-2),K1、K2、K3、K4分别为0、90、180、270 kg·hm^(-2)。结果表明:相同栽培密度下,甘薯分枝数、最长蔓长、单株结薯数、大中薯率、单株薯重、鲜薯产量、薯干产量、茎蔓产量均随着钾肥施用量的增加而增加,而T/R值则下降,在一定范围内增施钾肥可促进甘薯茎叶生长、提高薯块产量。相同钾肥水平下,随着栽培密度的增加,甘薯分枝数和最长蔓长减少、大中薯率和单株薯重降低,单株结薯数、鲜薯产量、薯干产量、茎蔓产量增加。进一步分析表明,高密度条件下,增加钾肥用量并不能显著增加鲜薯产量和薯干产量,不能提高甘薯生产效益,反而会增加肥料成本。综上,本研究推荐大田县普薯32合理的栽培密度和钾肥施用组合为D3K3处理,即栽培密度为49500株·hm^(-2)、钾肥(K 2O)施用量为180 kg·hm^(-2)。研究结果可为大田县等地普薯32高产、高效和优质栽培提供有益参考。

In order to clarify the optimum planting density and suitable application amount of potassium fertilizer for Pushu 32,an interactive experiment of planting density(D)and application rate of potassium fertilizer(K)was set up to study the effects of the two on the agronomic traits and yield of Pushu 32 were studied.The D1,D2 and D3 were 40500,45000 and 49500 plants·hm^(-2),respectively,and the K1,K2,K3 and K4 were 0,90,180 and 270 kg·hm^(-2),respectively.The results showed that under the same planting density,the number of branches,the longest vine length,the number of tubers per plant,the rate of large and medium tubers,the weight of tubers per plant,the yield of fresh tubers,the yield of dry tubers and the yield of stems and vines increased with the increase of the application rate of potassium fertilizer,while the T/R value decreased,and the application of potassium fertilizer within a certain range could promote the growth of sweet potato stems and leaves and increase the yield of sweet potato.Under the same potassium fertilizer level,with the increase of planting density,the number of branches and the longest vine length of sweet potato decreased,the rate of large and medium potato and the weight of potato per plant decreased,and the number of potato per plant,fresh potato yield,dried potato yield and stem and vine yield increased.The further analysis showed that under the conditions of high density,increasing the application amount of potassium fertilizer could not significantly increase the yield of fresh root yield and dry matter yield,and could not improve the production efficiency of sweet potato,but would increase the cost of fertilizer.In conclusion,the study recommended D3K3 treatment as the reasonable combination of planting density and potassium fertilizer application for Pushu 32 in Datian County,that is,the planting density was 49500 plants·hm^(-2),and the application rate of potassium fertilizer(K_(2)O)was 180 kg·hm^(-2).The results of this study could provide a useful reference for the high yield,high efficiency and high-quality cultivation of Pushu 32 in Datian County and other places.