“新冠疫苗实施计划”中疫苗分发的受益归属分析

Benefit Incidence Analysis on the Vaccine Delivery of COVAX

目的:分析“新冠疫苗实施计划(COVID-19 Vaccines Global Access,COVAX)”中疫苗分发的受益归属情况,评估其在不同收入国家分布的公平性,为相关研究提供参考。方法:基于联合国儿童基金会的“新冠市场仪表板”数据库,使用受益归属分析法,从总受益、补助受益和自费受益的角度,分别计算COVAX疫苗分发的五分位组受益和集中指数。结果:截至2022年10月16日,COVAX共向146个国家分配约20亿剂新冠疫苗,交付约17亿剂,各国预订剂量约为18亿。将COVAX的补助考虑在内,低收入水平国家比高收入水平国家获得更多COVAX分发的疫苗,但COVAX的疫苗交付与分配还有差距。结论:COVAX分发的疫苗有助于平衡全球新冠疫苗分配不公平的情况,但低收入国家疫苗接种率仍然很低,建议进一步采取措施解决该问题。

Objective:To analyze the situation of benefit incidence of the vaccine delivery of COVAX,to evaluate the equity of its distribution in different income countries,so as to provide references for relevant studies.Methods:This study conducted a benefit incidence analysis based on the data from UNICEF's COVID-19 Market Dashboard.This study estimated the share of total benefits,COVAX-funded benefits,and self-financed benefits across quintiles and calculated the respective concentration indexes.Results:As of 16 October 2022,COVAX had allocated a total of about 2 billion COVID-19 vaccine doses,of which 1.7 billion doses were shipped to 146 countries.COVAX participants had ordered about 1.8 billion vaccine doses.Taking account of COVAX subsidies,lower-income countries benefited more than higher-income countries in COVAX's delivered vaccines.However,there was still a disparity between the allocation and shipment of the vaccines.Conclusion:COVAX's delivery of vaccines is beneficial to balance global inequity in the allocation of COVID-19 vaccines.However,the vaccination rate in low income countries remains low,and further measures are needed to address this challenge.