女性艾滋病风险感知及安全套使用相关因素的调查研究

Perceived HIV risk and factors associated with condom use among women aged 40 and older:A cross-sectional survey

目的全球范围内中老年女性人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)阳性病例有明显增加趋势。本研究旨调查湖南省40岁及以上女性对HIV感染风险的感知、艾滋病相关知识和态度、安全套使用情况及关联因素。方法2019年7月至2020年8月,对湖南省4个地区的958名40岁及以上女性进行横断面调查。收集其社会人口学特征、HIV感染风险感知、艾滋病知识和态度、安全套使用和其他安全性行为的相关资料。使用单因素和多因素logistic回归分析来确定安全套使用的关联因素。结果在958名调查对象中,60.6%认为自己没有感染艾滋病毒的风险,46.8%报告他们在过去的性生活中从未使用过安全套。年龄较大、家庭月收入较低、在过去1年没有接受过艾滋病相关教育、不愿意使用避孕套或无法在性行为时决定安全套的使用、对艾滋病态度更消极的女性在性行为过程中使用安全套的可能性较小。结论调查显示多数40岁及以上的女性认为自己感染HIV的风险很低,性行为过程中安全套使用率也很低。未来应针对这一群体加强艾滋病预防和控制相关知识教育。

Objectives:A noticeable increase in HIV-positive cases among women,particularly those of middle and old age,has been observed worldwide.This study aimed to describe women’s perceived HIV risk,HIV/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome(AIDS)knowledge,attitude,and sexual behaviors to determine factors associated with condom use among these women in Hunan,China.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2019 to August 2020 among 958 women aged 40 and older in four regions of Hunan,China.We collected data on sociodemographic characteristics,perceived HIV risk,HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitude,condom use,and sexual behaviors.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed to identify factors related to condom use.Results:Out of 958 participants,60.6%perceived no risk of HIV infection,and 46.8%reported they had never used a condom during their past sexual life.Those who were older,had lower monthly household income for family,had not received HIV education in the past year,were unwilling to use condoms,could not determine condom use during sexual activity,and had more negative attitudes towards HIV/AIDS and HIV-positive people were less likely to use condoms in their past sexual behaviors.Conclusions:In Hunan Province,most women aged 40 and older perceived themselves as having a low or no risk of HIV infection;their rate of condom use was low,and six factors were associated with condom use.It is imperative to strengthen HIV prevention and control programs among women aged 40 and above,particularly focusing on those who may use condoms infrequently or not at all.