城市化进程中新生代农民工的落户意愿及代际差异——基于全国流动人口卫生计生动态监测调查的实证研究

The Willingness and Intergenerational Differences of the New Generation of Migrant Workers to Settle Down in the Process of Urbanization--Empirical Study on the Dynamic Monitoring Survey of Health and Family Planning among Floating Population in China

农民工进城落户意愿是考察城市化进程的重要窗口,本文以受教育水平为依据,将新生代农民工划分为“高知”群体与“普通”群体两个类别,从经济、社会和文化融入等视角,实证分析了新生代农民工落户意愿的代际差异。研究发现,相较于“普通”群体,“高知”群体表现出了较高市民化水平与落户意愿。然而,“高知”群体受制于大城市落户门槛的现实约束,只能通过住房、社会网络等因素获得基本的“市民权”,以增进农民工的社会资本水平与个体发展的机会。因此,应该围绕着基本“市民权”提升农民工在城市落户的意愿,压缩城乡教育产品供给的差距,提升农民工的受教育水平,强化对农民工的职业培训与教育,促使其在经济、社会与文化层面向城市空间的融合。

The willingness of migrant workers to settle down in cities is an important window for examining the process of urbanization.Based on their education level,this article divides the new generation of migrant workers into two categories:“high educated”and“ordinary”groups.From the perspectives of economic,social,and cultural integration,this article empirically analyzes the intergenerational differences in the willingness of the new generation of migrant workers to settle down.Research has found that compared to the“ordinary”group,the“high educated”group shows a higher level of urbanization and willingness to settle down.However,the practical constraints imposed by the“high educated”group on the threshold for settling in large cities force them to only obtain basic“civil rights”through factors such as housing and social networks,in order to enhance the social capital level and individual development opportunities of migrant workers.Therefore,the willingness of migrant workers to settle in cities should be enhanced around the basic“civil rights”of the city;Compress the gap in the supply of education products between urban and rural areas,improve the education level of migrant workers,strengthen vocational training and education for migrant workers,and promote their integration into urban space at the economic,social,and cultural levels.