商代金文族徽传播与夏商族群的融合认同

Transmission of the Armorial Inscription on Bronze and Identity Fusion of the Xia-Shang Ethnic Groups

通常认为,金文族徽是商人族群的创制和商文化的标识。但在已发现的商代早中期王室铜器上却不见铭刻族徽,说明盘庚迁殷之前的商王族可能不使用族徽。从早期铜器形制及范铸铭文工艺看,金文族徽很可能为夏人所创制,后来才向商人族群自下而上传播,至殷墟一期始被商王族采用。金文族徽传播是夏遗民与商人族群文化融合认同的体现,在商代晚期已成为殷商文化的重要标志。传播方式分为三种,在族氏分封、奠置过程中出现了三方面的明显变化。由于地域化、政治化发展,商代晚期的金文族徽具有表示血缘关系和地缘政治的双重含义,在性质上也有类似变化。

It is generally assumed that the armorial inscription on bronze is the creation of the Shang people and a symbol of Shang culture.However,it has never been found on the bronze wares that might have been owned by the royal family from the early-to-mid of the Shang dynasty,demonstrating that before Pan Geng moved the capital to Yin,the armorial inscription was not yet in use by the royal family of Shang.Judging from the shape,inscriptions,and inheritance of the casting technology of clay molds for Shang bronzes,the armorial inscription on bronze should be firstly created by the descendants of Xia people,and then spread slowly to the Shang people from the bottom up.Until the first phase of the Yin Ruins culture,the armorial inscription on bronze was finally adopted by the royal family of the Shang,a sign of the cultural fusion between the Xia descendants and the Shang people.In the late Shang period,the armorial inscription on bronze experienced a fast development,becoming an important part of the Yin-Shang culture.It spread in three approaches,and marked changes occurred in the process of clan enfeoffment and settlement of the conquered clans in Dian.Due to the development of regionalization and politicization,the armorial inscription on bronze in the late Shang period was given dual meanings of blood relationship and geopolitics,and similar changes also took place in its nature.