兰克史学入华的日本路径——坪井九马三《史学研究法》及中国之译介

The Japanese Path of Ranke’s Historiography into China--Kumezo Tsuboi’s Methods of Historical Research and Its Translation in Chinese

坪井九马三的《史学研究法》是日本引进西方史学特别是兰克史学的结晶,在结构和基本观点方面,承继了德国伯伦汉的《史学方法论》。20世纪初期,中国旅日学者如汪荣宝、柳诒徵、李季谷、梁启超等人的《史学概论》或历史研究法著述,对坪井氏《史学研究法》借重较多,黄人望编的《史学研究法讲义》是对坪井书的意译,但坪井书并没有完整的中译本,这与同时出版的浮田和民的《史学原论》在短时间内出现多个译本形成了很大的反差,究其原因在于文明史学更切合当时中国社会和史学变革的需要。

The Methods of Historical Research of Kumezo Tsuboi is the crystallization of the introduction of western historiography into Japan,especially Ranke’s historiography.In terms of structure and basic views,it inherits the Textbook of Historical Method written by the German historian Ernst Bernheim.At the beginning of the 20th century,there are some Chinese scholars once lived in Japan such as Wang Rongbao,Liu Yizheng,Li Jigu,Liang Qichao and others wrote Introduction to History or historical research methodology works like that,are more to draw lessons from Kumezo Tsuboi’s Methods of Historical Research.Huang Renwang’s Handout on Historical Research is a paraphrase of Tsuboi’s book.There is no complete Chinese translation of Tsuboi’s works,which is in sharp contrast to the simultaneous publication of Kazutami Ukita’s Original Theory of Historiography,which has multiple translations in a short time.The reason lies in the fact that the history of civilization is more in line with the needs of the Chinese society and historiography reform at that time.