女性主义反乌托邦的延续与分异——以《使女的故事》与《永生上帝的未来家园》为例

The Continuation and Differentiation of Feminist Anti-utopia——Case Study of The Handmaid’s Tale and Future Home of the Living God

玛格丽特·阿特伍德与路易丝·厄德里克都曾以严峻、灰暗和令人不安的社会现实为据,想象与推演人类未来黯淡的生存境遇。一方面,《使女的故事》和《永生上帝的未来家园》皆以女性视角纠正了早期反乌托邦小说中的性别偏见,并在相似的叙事特征中形成女性主义反乌托邦的延续,深化并拓展了早期反乌托邦小说的主题与内涵。另一方面,二者也存在内部的分异,厄德里克对印第安问题的思考使反乌托邦小说的表达空间得到了进一步的延伸,为反乌托邦文学开拓出新的叙事空间。

Margaret Atwood and Louise Erdrich both imagined and speculated the living circumstances of bleak human future based on a grim,dark and disturbing social reality.On the one hand,both The Handmaid’s Tale and Future Home of the Living God correct the sex prejudice of earlier anti-utopian fictions with a female perspective,not only forming a continuation of feminist anti-utopia in a similar narrative way,but also deepening and expanding the theme and connotation of earlier anti-utopian fictions.On the other hand,there are internal differences between the two novels.Erdrich extends the expressive space of anti-utopian novels with the reflection of American Indians so as to open up the new narrative space for the anti-utopian literature.