面向精密流体分离的MXene基膜材料研究进展

Research progress of MXene-based membrane materials for precision fluid separation

二维片层状纳米材料过渡金属碳化物/氮化物(MXene),作为类石墨烯材料,因其具备丰富的官能团改性位点而在精密流体分离领域受到广泛关注,但静电作用力使MXene基膜的纳米片堆叠松散,且含氧官能团易与水分子形成氢键使MXene基膜易溶胀,最终导致分离效率下降,因此制备性能稳定、分离效率高的MXene基膜仍存在挑战。本文系统地总结了近年来MXene基膜材料在精密流体分离领域的最新研究进展,围绕自上而下和自下而上两方面介绍了MXene的制备方法;围绕交联、纳米颗粒掺杂、二维材料插层及有机-无机混合基质膜等四种MXene基膜材料构筑策略进行了深入讨论,并对其在精密流体分离领域的应用做了简要阐述;最后总结展望了MXene基膜在材料制备、膜层构筑、应用领域及产业化等方面所面临的机遇和挑战。

Two-dimensional nanosheet material,transition metal carbide/nitride(MXene),as a graphene-like material has attracted extensive attention in the field of precision fluid separation due to its rich functional group modification sites.However,electrostatic force makes the nanosheets of MXene-based membranes stack loosely.Moreover,the oxygen-containing functional groups are easy to form hydrogen bonds with water molecules,making MXene-based membrane easy to swell,which ultimately leads to a decline in separation efficiency.Therefore,there are still challenges in the preparation of MXene-based membranes with high stability and high separation efficiency.This work systematically summarized the latest research progress of MXene-based membrane materials in the field of precision fluid separation in recent years.The preparation methods of MXene including“top-down”and“bottom-up”is introduced,and the membrane construction strategies of MXene-based membrane including cross-linking,nanoparticle doping,two-dimensional material intercalation and organic-inorganic mixed matrix membrane are deeply discussed.The current application of MXene-based membrane in the field of precision fluid separation is briefly summarized.Finally,the opportunities and challenges faced by MXene-based membranes are outlooked in aspects of material preparation,separation layer construction,application fields and industrialization.