生物炭回收水中氮磷营养物质的研究进展与挑战

Research progress and challenges in recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients from water by biochar

水中过量氮磷营养物质的存在会引发水体富营养化。生物炭具有比表面积大、孔隙率高、热稳定性强、表面官能团丰富等优点,在吸附去除水中污染物方面呈现出良好性能。近年来,生物炭作为一种经济高效的吸附剂回收水中的氮和磷而受到了广泛关注,但不同种类生物炭对水中氮或磷的吸附性能有较大的差异。本文综述了基于各种废弃生物质制备及改性的生物炭对水中氮和磷的吸附性能,探讨分析了影响生物炭吸附水中氮和磷性能的主要因素,包括制备条件、环境温度、溶液pH和共存离子等,阐述了生物炭吸附水中氮和磷的主要机理。同时指出了目前生物炭在实际应用中所面临的挑战,并进一步展望了未来生物炭的重点研究方向,从而为实际利用生物炭吸附回收水中的氮和磷提供理论依据。

The presence of excessive nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients leads to eutrophication of water.Biochar has the advantages of large specific surface area,high porosity,high thermal stability,and abundant surface functional groups,and presents good performance in adsorption and removal of pollutants in water.In recent years,biochar has received much attention as an economical and efficient adsorbent for the adsorption of nitrogen and phosphorus in water,however,various biochar exhibits the different adsorption performance in recovering nitrogen or phosphorus in water.This paper reviewes the adsorption performance of biochar prepared and modified from various waste biomasses on nitrogen and phosphorus in water,discusses the factors affecting the adsorption of nitrogen and phosphorus in water by different types of biochar,ambient temperature,solution pH and coexisting ions,and summarizes the main mechanisms for the adsorption of nitrogen and phosphorus in water by biochar.In the meantime,the challenges faced in practical applications are pointed out,and further the future research directions of biochar are also prospected,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the practical use of biochar for the adsorption and recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus in water.