冷原子干涉加速度测量技术研究现状与发展动态分析

Research Status and Development of Acceleration Measurement Technology Based on Cold Atom Interferometry

高精度加速度测量在惯性导航与重力场测量等领域有着广阔的应用前景。基于冷原子干涉的加速度测量传感器能够充分发挥原子物质波波长短、演化时间长和频率响应精确等特点,比传统加速度计和重力仪等惯性传感器具有更高的测量灵敏度、精度和长期稳定性,为现有加速度测量技术带来重大变革。从冷原子干涉加速度测量的基本原理出发,综述了30多年来国内外冷原子干涉加速度测量技术的研究进展,结合惯性导航对加速度测量的技术需求,分析总结了冷原子干涉加速度测量技术的发展动态与重点发展方向是系统的集成化与小型化、重复频率和测量带宽的提高、与经典加速度计的复合以及多轴加速度测量等,旨在提升和完善冷原子干涉加速度传感器的整体性能,以推动冷原子干涉加速度传感器向工程应用迈进,为满足高精度惯性测量的国防战略需求提供有力支撑。

High-precision acceleration measurement has a broad application prospect in the fields of inertial navigation and gravity field measurement.The acceleration measurement sensor based on cold atom interferometry can fully exploit the short wavelength,long evolution time,and precise frequency response of atomic matter waves,which is much higher than the measurement sensitivity,accuracy and long-term stability of traditional inertial sensors such as accelerometers and gravime-ters,bringing significant changes to the existing acceleration measurement technology.Starting from the basic principle of cold-atom interferometric acceleration measurement,the research progress of cold-atom interferometric acceleration measure-ment technology at home and abroad over the past 30 years is reviewed.And at the same time,combining with the demand for acceleration measurement technology in the field of inertial navigation,it is analyzed and concluded that the development dynamics of cold-atom interferometric acceleration measurement technology and the key development direction are the inte-gration and miniaturization of the system,the improvement of the repetition frequency and the measurement bandwidth,hy-brid accelerometers and multi-axis acceleration measurement,etc.The aim is to improve and perfect the overall performance of cold-atom interferometric acceleration sensors,in order to boost and facilitate the advancement of cold-atom interferomet-ric acceleration sensors to the stage of engineering applications,and to provide a powerful support to meet the strategic de-mand for high-precision inertial measurements from the national defense industry.