论中国新生代科幻小说中的民俗书写

On the Folklore Writing in Chinese Science Fiction of the New Generation

相比于以往的中国科幻小说作品,不少中国新生代科幻小说更多着笔于关于传统民俗事项的书写,在对民俗集体记忆的表达中唤起读者的生活经验。对中国新生代科幻小说民俗书写方式进行分析,可以发现两种具有代表性的民俗书写方法:书写传统民俗标志地域文化空间,书写传统民俗在技术世界的变形状态。借助书写传统民俗标志地域文化空间,作者有效利用读者前置生活经验中具有鲜明地域特色的传统民俗体验,用有限的文字实现了文本向现实生活场景的延展,克服了科幻小说叙事中缺乏与现实记忆和历史记忆连接通道的固有缺陷。作者借助书写传统民俗在技术世界的变形状态,表述传统民俗场域经历技术世界冲击后,民俗精神内涵发生变化,组合重塑为全新的民俗场域。在中国新生代科幻小说为我们展示的当下现实与未来想象交错的图景中,民俗被科学和技术解构与重构,折射出关于未来民俗想象的投影。同时,从民俗学研究意义上说,科幻小说民俗书写为学者思考未来的民俗变迁提供了一种独特的视角,可以作为分析未来民俗发展趋势的重要素材。

Compared with previous Chinese sci-fi works,many Chinese new-generation sci-fi works focus more on traditional folk matters and evoke readers'life experience in the expression of the collective memory of folk customs.Through an analysis of the folklore writing ways of Chinese science fiction of the new generation,two rep⁃resentative methods of folklore writing can be found--the narration of the regional cultural space of traditional folk symbols,and the description of the deformity of traditional folk customs in the technological world.By describing the regional cultural space of traditional folk customs,the author effectively utilizes the traditional folk customs ex⁃perience with distinct regional characteristics in the readers'pre-life experience,and realizes the extension of the text to the real life scene with limited words,thus overcoming the inherent defect of the lack of connection channels with real memory and historical memory in science fiction narration.Moreover,by depicting the deformity of tradi⁃tional folk customs in the technological world,the author expresses that the spiritual connotation of traditional folk customs has changed,and the combination has been reshaped into a brand new folk field under the impact of the technological world.In the interwoven picture of present reality and future imagination presented by Chinese sci⁃ence fictions of the new generation,folklore is deconstructed and reconstructed by science and technology,reflect⁃ing the projection of future folklore imagination.At the same time,from the perspective of folklore research,folk⁃lore writing in science fiction provides a unique perspective for scholars to consider the changes of folklore in the fu⁃ture,and can be used as an important material to analyze the development trend of folklore in the future.