液体活检在胃癌临床诊疗中的应用研究进展

Application of liquid biopsy samples in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer

胃癌是全球最常见和最致命的癌症之一。虽然手术、放化疗和免疫治疗的组合提高了胃癌患者的生存率,但大多数患者仍然会出现复发和转移,从而导致预后不良。目前胃癌血液生物标志物的敏感性和特异性不足以确定诊断和预后,因此应进一步探索和验证液体活检,以便在胃癌患者的临床中应用。区别于组织活检,液体活检分析对象包括血液、脑脊液、唾液、尿液等,具有迅速、便捷、无创等优势,本文重点介绍循环肿瘤细胞、循环肿瘤DNA和外泌体的临床应用,并探讨了其在胃癌患者临床需求方面的应用前景。

Gastric cancer(GC)is one of the most common and lethal types of cancer worldwide.Although a combination of surgery,chemotherapy,radiotherapy,and immunotherapy improves survival in these patients,most patients will still experience recurrence and metastases,thus leading to a poor prognosis.The current sensitivity and specificity of GC blood biomarkers are not sufficient to determine the diagnosis and prognosis.Therefore,liquid biopsies should be further explored and validated for use in the clinical setting of patients with GC.Different from tissue biopsy,the objects of fluid biopsy analysis,including blood,cerebrospinal fluid,saliva,urine,etc.,have the advantages of rapid,convenient,noninvasive.This paper highlights the clinical application of circulating tumor cells(CTCs),circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA)and exosome,and discusses the future application prospects in solving the unmet clinical needs of GC patients.