腐植酸控释掺混肥对玉米产量及土壤肥力的影响研究

Study on the Effects of Humic Acid Controlled Release Fertilizer on Maize Yield and Soil Fertility

以河南省粮食主产区夏玉米为试验作物,开展不同含量腐植酸控释掺混肥对夏玉米产量及土壤肥力的影响研究。结果表明:腐植酸控释掺混肥能有效降低玉米秃尖,对玉米穗长、亩穗数的影响无差异,对穗粒数、百粒重影响差异显著。与普通氮磷钾掺混肥(CK)相比,腐植酸控释掺混肥(T1~T4)处理玉米穗粒数增加1.66%~12.03%,百粒重提高3.43%~9.05%,单产提高6.76%~24.16%,增收62.6~263.4元/667 m^(2)。从区域表现来看,豫中褐土区、豫东砂姜黑土区施用含7%腐植酸控释掺混肥经济效益最高,豫南砂姜黑土区、豫北潮土区含5%腐植酸控释掺混肥经济效益最高;同时显著改善了土壤理化性状,持续提升耕地质量。从多年多点试验表现来看,腐植酸控释掺混肥均表现出良好的增产、创高产效应,且在不同区域、不同土壤类型、不同玉米品种上表现高度一致。说明腐植酸控释掺混肥具有广泛适宜性和创高产性,为化肥减量增效和耕地质量提升提供了技术产业化路径。

The effects of humic acid controlled release fertilizer with different contents on summer maize yield and soil fertility were studied with summer maize as the experimental crop in the main grain producing area of Henan Province.The results showed that humic acid controlled release fertilizer could effectively reduce the bald point of maize.There was no difference on ear length and ear number of mu,while significant difference were found on grain number per ear and 100 grain weight of maize.Compared with ordinary NPK mixed fertilizer(CK),humic acid controlled release fertilizer(T1~T4)treatment increased grain number per ear by 1.66%~12.03%,100 grain weight by 3.43%~9.05%,unit yield by 6.76%~24.16%,and income by 62.6~263.4 yuan/667 m^(2).The economic benefit of applying humic acid controlled release fertilizer showed different regional performance that the highest regions were central Henan brown soil area and eastern Henan sand and ginger black soil area containing 7%humic acid,and the highest economic benefit regions were southern Henan sand and ginger black soil area and northern Henan wet soil area containing 5%humic acid.Soil physical,chemical properties and the quality of cultivated land were significantly improved.From the results of many years of multi-point experiments,humic acid controlled release fertilizer showed positive effect of increasing and creating high yield,and the performance was highly consistent in different regions,different soil types and different maize varieties,which indicating wide suitability and high productivity that provided a technological industrialization path for fertilizer reduction and efficiency improvement and cultivated land quality improvement.