Engineering CRISPR/Cas-based nanosystems for therapeutics, diagnosis and bioimaging

CRISPR/Cas system has been utilized to rationally manipulate intracellular genes,and it has been engineered as versatile and efficient gene editing tools with precise site-specificity and excellent targeting ability for therapeutics,diagnostics,and bioimaging.Here,the evolution and application of CRISPR/Cas systems were sketched chronologically.Landmark works were exemplified to illustrate the design principles of CRISPR/Cas systems.Furthermore,the delivery vectors of CRISPR/Cas system especially DNA nanomaterials-based vectors were categorized and illuminated.DNA nanomaterials are suitable for CRISPR/Cas system delivery via base pairing due to its sequence programmability and biocompatibility.Then the applications of CRISPR/Cas in diagnosis and genomic imaging were highlighted.At the end of the review,the challenges and opportunities of CRISPR/Cas systems were deeply discussed.We envision that the grant advances on CRISPR/Cas systems will promote the development of interdisciplinary fields in chemistry,biology and medicine.