致敏性气传花粉的分布、危害评价及防治措施

Distribution,hazard evaluation,and control measures of allergenic airborne pollen

致敏性气传花粉与人体接触后会引发鼻炎、哮喘等花粉症。目前已对气传花粉致敏性污染进行了大量的研究。本文梳理相关研究,总结了气传花粉的时空分布特征及其气象影响因素,以及气传花粉致敏性的危害,并对危害等级划分的评价指标进行了综述,从源头防控、途径监控和易敏人群预防等角度阐述了气传花粉致敏性污染防治措施的研究进展。针对目前研究工作的不足,提出绿化植物的种类和致敏潜力有待进一步研究与规范,花粉的采集与浓度监测有待进一步研究与标准化。本文将为花粉过敏性疾病的防治研究和城市绿地规划的优化提供借鉴。

Allergenic airborne pollen can induce hay fever such as rhinitis and asthma.Many studies have been conducted on the allergenic pollution caused by airborne pollen.We synthesized available studies to summarize the temporal and spatial distributions of airborne pollen and influencing meteorological factors.We further summarized and discussed the hazards of airborne pollen sensitization on human health and evaluation indicators for classifying hazard levels.We described the research progress of prevention and control measures of airborne pollen induced pollution from the perspectives of source control,route monitoring,and prevention of susceptible population.Considering the limitations of current studies,we proposed some research directions on allergenic airborne pollen.The types of allergenic plants needed to be clearly identified and allergentic potential should be quantitatively identified.The methods of pollen collection and concentration monitoring needed to be improved and standardized.This review could provide a scientific guidance for the study on preventing and treating pollen allergies as well as optimizing urban green space planning.