田边伴生植物种植提升作物传粉服务功能的研究现状与展望

Improvement of crop pollination service through planting field-side companion plants:Current understan-ding and prospect

传粉昆虫在全球作物授粉中起重要作用,但近几十年来随着全球气候变化、农业集约化以及城市化的加剧,其物种丰度和多样性正面临着急速下降的趋势。如何解决农田生态系统中传粉不足这一问题已成为全球重大挑战之一。近年来田边伴生植物种植这一有效措施在发达国家被广泛提出,即在农田的空置空间种植伴生开花植物为传粉昆虫提供稳定的食物(如花蜜和花粉)和筑巢场所,以提高农田生态系统中传粉昆虫的物种多样性和丰度,用于满足农作物的授粉需求,但国内相关研究较少。本文系统综述了国内外田边伴生植物种植研究现状,着重阐述了可能影响伴生植物种植效果的因子,提出了伴生植物选择的原则,并展望了这种新型措施在我国农业中的应用前景。

Insect pollinators play a vital role in global crop pollination.Due to climate change,agricultural intensification,and urbanization in recent decades,insect pollinator abundance and species richness have declined rapidly at global and regional scales.Insufficient pollination on croplands is becoming a significant challenge worldwide.In recent years,planting of field-side companion plants that flower concurrently in the vacant space on croplands has been proposed as an effective measure in developed countries to improve pollinator abundance and diversity.These companion plants can provide stable food sources(such as nectar and pollen)and nesting sites for pollinators.Related studies in China are still limited.We reviewed the global research status on the effects of field-side companion plants on crop pollination services,focused on the factors influencing the impacts of co-flowering plants on crop pollination,optimal selection principles for companion plants,and put forward perspectives for application in Chinese agriculture.