岩藻聚糖硫酸酯降血糖作用机制的研究进展

Research progress on hypoglycemic mechanism of fucoidan

糖尿病是以高血糖和胰岛素抵抗为特征的内分泌和代谢系统疾病,已成为世界范围内1种普遍疾病。岩藻聚糖硫酸酯(FUC)基于其特定的化学结构,如单糖组成和糖苷键,具有良好的降糖作用和理想的糖尿病治疗潜力。FUC具有多种生物活性,但其结构复杂、高分子量和高黏性的特性限制了其应用,而低分子量岩藻聚糖硫酸酯(LMWF)黏度低、溶解度好,且研究表明LMWF具有更好的降血糖作用,因此LMWF的研究具有重大意义。文章讨论了FUC的结构特征,包括主干结构、糖苷键位置、单糖类型、硫酸盐含量,着重介绍了多糖分子质量和降血糖活性的关联,继而引申出低分子量LMWF降血糖作用及作用机理,以期为明晰岩藻多糖的构效关系及进一步应用提供理论基础。

Diabetes mellitus is a disease of the endocrine and metabolic systems characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance and has become a prevalent disease worldwide.Based on its specific chemical structure,such as monosaccharide composition and glycosidic bond,fucoidan(FUC)has good hypoglycemic effect and ideal potential in the treatment of diabetes.FUC has various biological activities,however,its use is limited due to a number of reasons including complex structure,high molecular weight and high viscosity,while low molecular weight fucoidan(LMWF)has lower viscosity and good solubility,and better hypoglycemic effect,that make the research of LMWF of great significance.This paper presents the structural characteristics of FUC,including backbone structure,glycosidic bond,monosaccharide composition,sulfate content,and highlights the relationship between polysaccharide molecular weight and hypoglycemic activity,and then extends the hypoglycemic effect and the mechanism of low molecular weight,in order to provide a theoretical basis for clarifying the structure-activity relationship of fucoidan and further applications.