复杂地表窄方位地震数据叠前多维度重构技术应用研究——以准噶尔南缘呼图壁背斜三维为例

Application of Multi-Dimensional Pre-stack Reconstruction of Narrow Azimuth Seismic Data on Complex Surface--Acasestudy of the Hutubi Anticline in Southern Margin of Junggar Basin

叠前数据重构是改善偏前地震数据“规则、均匀、对称”特征,提升叠前偏移成像质量的有效方法。准噶尔盆地南缘地表复杂,障碍较多,地震采集激发和接收的炮、检点位置不规则导致地震面元分布不均匀,叠前偏移成像效果不佳。针对复杂地表非规则采集的窄方位三维数据,在偏前进行了基于傅里叶变换的多维度插值重构技术适应性应用研究。重点开展了窄方位三维叠前地震数据分选和与之对应的叠前数据重构维度选择两方面的研究,运用数据重构关键参数进行试验,建立了复杂地表非规则采集窄方位三维地震数据重构技术流程,大幅改善和提升了中、浅层资料叠前深度偏移成像质量,有效弥补了叠前偏移成像时浅层地震资料覆盖次数低的不足。该技术思路对于类似复杂探区具有较好的借鉴作用和推广价值。

Prestack data reconstruction is an effective method to improve the“Regular,uniform and symmetrical”characteristics of prestack seismic data and to improve the imaging quality of prestack migration.The surface of the southern edge of the Dzungar basin is complex,and there are many obstacles on the surface.The irregular locations of shot points and check points in seismic acquisition lead to the uneven distribution of seismic panel,and the imaging effect of prestack migration is not good.In this paper,we study the applicability of the multi-dimensional interpolation and reconstruction technique based on the Fourier transform of the irregular 3D data collected from the complex surface.The paper focuses on the research of how to separate the narrow azimuth 3D prestack seismic data and how to select the corresponding dimension of prestack seismic data reconstruction,and through a large number of experiments on the key parameters of data reconstruction,finally,the 3D seismic data reconstruction technology flow of irregular acquisition of narrow azimuth on complex surface is established,which greatly improves the imaging quality of pre-stack depth migration of middle and shallow layer data,it makes up the shortage of low coverage times of shallow seismic data in prestack migration imaging.The technical idea has a good reference and popularization value for similar complex exploration areas.