如何界定社会信用:基于功能划分的类型化

How to Define Social Credit:Typification Based on Functional Division

我国社会信用体系建设的功能拓展使得社会信用的界定充满争议。尽管地方信用条例与《社会信用体系建设法(向社会公开征求意见稿)》对信用信息与失信作了界定,并将违反法定义务的信息纳入社会信用范畴,但仍面临社会信用内涵模糊、违法与失信的关系不清、失信范围不当扩大等种种质疑。学理上对社会信用的语义解释、本质阐明与政策延伸层面上的界定,或混淆了不同“信用”的产生与保障机制,或未能在功能正当性的基础上澄清何为社会信用。我国社会信用体系建设蕴含着支持市场化的信用机制、优化法律实施与强化法律实施三种不同功能,这决定了社会信用的界定应当类型化与场景化。不同功能下的社会信用具有迥然各异的界定机制,使得社会信用难以形成统一且精准的概念。

The functional expansion of China's social credit system construction has made the definition of social credit controversial.Although local credit regulations and"the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Construction of the Social Credit System(Draft for Public Consultation)"define credit information and breach of trust,and include information that violates legal obligations in social credit,there are still various doubts about the vague connotation of social credit,the unclear relationship between violation of law and breach of trust,and the improper expansion of the scope of breach of trust.The semantic interpretation,essential clarification,and the policy extension of social credit in academic theory have either confused the generation and protection mechanisms of different"credit",or failed to clarify what social credit is on the basis of its functional legitimacy.The construction of China's social credit system contains three different functions:supporting market-oriented credit mechanisms,optimizing legal implementation,and strengthening legal implementation.This determines that the definition of social credit should be categorized and contextualized.Social credit under different functions has vastly different defining mechanisms,making it difficult to form a unified and precise concept of social credit.