商用车用轮毂轴承单元的应用与发展趋势

Application and Development Trend of Hub Bearing Units for Commercial Vehicles

介绍了商用车用轮毂轴承单元3种典型结构的特点及其选型应用,传统轮毂轴承单元因其制造工艺成熟,成本低而被广泛应用,脂润滑轮毂轴承单元、油润滑轮毂轴承单元性能可靠,成本高,主要应用于高端商用车。研究了轴承游隙对其寿命及摩擦力矩的影响,工作游隙为微负值时轴承寿命最长,可精确控制轴承游隙。提供了根据车辆使用工况选择轮毂轴承单元润滑剂的方案。分析了轮毂轴承单元在安装应用过程中不良的注油、注脂、压装、拧紧工艺等对轴承寿命的影响,提出使用专用设备安装的解决方案。最后指出单元化是未来商用车用轮毂轴承单元结构的发展趋势。

The characteristics and selection application of three typical structures of hub bearing units for commercial vehicles are introduced.The traditional hub bearing units are widely used due to their mature manufacturing process and low cost.The grease lubricated and oil lubricated hub bearing units are mainly used in high-end commercial vehicles due to their reliable performance and high cost.The effect of adjusting nut torque to control clearance on life and friction torque of the bearings is studied.When the working clearance is slightly negative,the life of the bearings is the longest.A scheme is provided for selecting lubricants for the units based on operating conditions of vehicles.The effect of poor oil injection,grease injection,press fiting and tightening processes and the like is analyzed on life of the bearings during installation and application of the units,and a solution is proposed for installation with specialized equipment.Finally,it is pointed out that unitization is development trend of structures of the units used in commercial vehicles in future.