不同施肥模式对早稻株两优819产量和经济效益的影响

Effects of Different Fertilizing Patterns on the Early Rice Zhuliangyou 819's Yield and Economic Benefits

为探索湖南早稻肥料高效施用技术,保障早稻稳产增产,以株两优819为试验材料,研究减量施肥+3次叶面肥模式、减量施肥+2次叶面肥模式、全量化肥基追肥模式、全量化肥基肥模式(对照)等4个处理对早稻产量和经济效益的影响。结果表明:全量化肥基追肥模式、减量施肥+3次叶面肥模式、减量施肥+2次叶面肥模式的水稻每穗粒数、结实率、千粒质量均较对照有一定幅度的提高,产量分别达到6 957.9、6 931.2、6 581.1 kg/hm^(2),增产幅度分别为10.39%、9.97%和4.41%,净增收益17.52~990.78元/hm^(2),产投比达到1.84~1.99。因此,在减少化肥用量20%的条件下,叶面喷施“沃利旺”能提高早稻每穗粒数、结实率、千粒质量、产量和产值,经济效益高于农户习惯施肥模式(全量化肥基肥模式),在湖南地区具有较高的推广应用价值。

In order to explore efficient application techniques of rice fertilizers,ensure stable and increased rice yield,and promote green rice production in Hunan,early rice was used as experimental materials to study the effect of four treatments:reduced fertilization+3 times foliar fertilizer mode,reduced fertilization+2 times foliar fertilizer mode,full fertilizer base and top dressing mode,and full fertilizer base fertilizer mode on rice yield and economic benefits.The results showed that the number of grains per panicle,seed setting rate,and thousand grain weight of the full fertilizer base and top dressing mode,reduced fertilization+3 times of foliar fertilization mode,and reduced fertilization+2 times of foliar fertilization mode were all significantly improved.The actual yield of the field reached 6957.9,6931.2,and 6581.1 kg/hm^(2),respectively,with an increase of 10.39%,9.97%,and 4.41%,and a net increase of 17.52-990.78 yuan/hm^(2).The input-output ratio ranged from 1.84 to 1.99.Therefore,under the condition of reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer by 20%,the foliar spraying“Woliwang”fertilization model can improve the number of grains per panicle,seed setting rate,thousand grain weight,yield,and output value of early rice.The econo-mic benefits were higher than the farmers'habitual fertilization model(full fertilizer base fertilizer model),and it had high promotion value in Hunan region.