不同地膜覆盖对土壤水热、谷子产量及水分利用效率的影响

Effects of Different Plastic Film Mulching on Soil Water and Heat,Millet Yield and Water Use Efficiency

针对内蒙古东部旱作区年降水量不足、春季干旱等造成的谷子出苗率、产量及水分利用效率低等问题,设置普通白色地膜(T1)、可降解白色地膜(T2)、可降解黑色地膜(T3)和不覆膜(CK)4个处理,于2021年在内蒙古赤峰市进行田间试验,研究不同地膜覆盖处理对谷子田土壤含水量、地温、产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:与CK相比,3种覆膜处理均显著提高了0~40 cm土层的土壤含水量;苗期至拔节期,覆膜显著提高了土壤温度;不同处理谷子产量表现为T3>T2>T1>CK,T3、T2、T1分别比CK增产17.55%、11.79%、6.39%;覆膜后谷子的水分利用效率显著提高,覆膜处理T3、T2、T1的水分利用效率分别比CK增加了15.79%、10.50%、6.52%。在干旱地区谷子生产中,可采用覆膜种植提高水分利用效率,提高谷子产量,且以可降解黑色地膜表现最优。

In view of the low emergence rate, yield and water use efficiency of millet caused by insufficient annual rainfall and spring drought in the dry farming area of eastern Inner Mongolia, four treatments of ordinary white plastic film(T1),degradable white plastic film(T2),degradable black plastic film(T3) and non-plastic film mulching(CK) were set up, and field experiments were carried out in Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia in 2021.The effects of different plastic film mul-ching treatments on soil water content, soil temperature, yield and water use efficiency of millet field were studied.The results showed that compared with CK,the three film mulching treatments significantly increased the soil water content of 0-40 cm soil layer, and significantly increased the soil temperature from seedling stage to jointing stage.The yield of millet in different treatments showed the trend of T3T2T1CK,T3,T2 and T1 increased by 17.55%,11.79% and 6.39% compared with CK,respectively.The water use efficiency of millet was significantly improved after film mulching, and the water use efficiency of film mulching treatments T3,T2 and T1 increased by 15.79%,10.50% and 6.52% compared with CK,respectively.In millet production in arid areas, plastic film mulching can improve water use efficiency and millet yield, among which degradable black plastic film is the best.