基于主成分分析法的清香型烤烟上部叶烘烤工艺研究

Study on Flue-Cured Tobacco Upper Leaf Curing Technology Based on Principal Component Analysis

为探索云南临沧植烟区烤烟上部叶最佳烘烤工艺,确定最适宜当地的烘烤工艺标准,以云烟99为材料,于2022年9月在永德植烟区采集鲜烟叶采用三段式烘烤方法,通过调整变黄阶段和变色阶段稳温时间与干湿球温度,研究上部叶烘烤曲线对初烤烟叶化学成分、致香成分、感官质量、外观质量、物理特性及经济性状的影响,采用主成分分析法提取出对化学成分累积贡献率达93.18%的3个主成分。结果表明:变黄阶段稳温时间12~24 h、干球温度36~38℃,湿球温度35~36℃,变色阶段稳温时间16 h,干球温度52~54℃,湿球温度38~40℃处理上部烟叶的化学成分协调性和稳定性均较好,总糖、还原糖含量及糖碱比偏高,氧化钾含量、钾氯比偏低;致香物质含量、外观质量分值、感官评吸质量分值、经济性状及综合总分均最高。说明变色阶段降低干湿球温度、定色阶段提高干湿球温度、稳温时间为16 h烘烤处理与当地常规烘烤工艺相比能提高云南临沧植烟区烟叶的产质量和经济效益,提高上部烟叶的工业可用性。

In order to explore the best curing technology of upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco in tobacco planting area of Lincang,Yunnan Province,and determine the most suitable local curing technology standard,and provide the best curing curve for local high-quality flue-cured tobacco raw material production.Taking Yunyan 99 as experimental material,through adjusting the steady temperature time,dry bulb temperature and wet bulb temperature at yellowing stage and color changing stage.A3 yellowing stable time 18-24 h,dry bulb temperature:41-42℃ to 36-38℃,wet bulb temperature:36-37℃ to 35-36℃,color changing stable time:16 h,dry bulb temperature:52-54℃,wet bulb temperature:38-40℃;CK:the content should be written generally,the effects of the curing curve of upper leaves on the chemical components,aroma components,sensory quality,appearance quality,physical characteristics and economic characteristics were studied.The results showed that the stable temperature time was 12-24 h,the dry bulb temperature was 36-38℃,the wet bulb temperature was 35-36℃ the stable temperature time was 16 h,the dry bulb temperature was 52-54℃,the content of total sugar,reducing sugar and the ratio of sugar to alkali were higher,but the content of potassium oxide and the ratio of potassium were lower.The treatment had the highest aroma components,appearance quality,sensory quality,economic traits and comprehensive total scores.The results showed that the tobacco yield,quality and economic benefit of LINCANG tobacco-growing area could be improved by decreasing the wet-dry bulb temperature and stabilizing the color at yellowing stage and increasing the wet-dry bulb temperature and stabilizing the temperature for 16 h compared with the local conventional curing process,improve the industrial availability of upper tobacco leaves.