海上风电非上网消纳及制醇氨技术综述

Study on Off-grid Consumption of Offshore Wind Power and Alcohol and Ammonia Production Technology

我国海上风电正呈现深远海化、规模化、单机容量大型化的发展趋势,实现大规模海上风电的并网和消纳,对海上风电场和电网都是巨大挑战,需要探索适应于深远海、大规模、高质量的多元化非上网消纳方式。海上风电有直供海上平台、制氢、制氢基化学品等非上网消纳方式,其中直供海上平台的用量有限,适合于与海上油气产业匹配的小规模海上风电,而海上风电制氢及氢基化学品是最具发展前景的路线之一。海上风电制氢技术基本成熟,但大规模氢气从海上运输至陆地的经济性是一项挑战,传统高压储运方式成本高,难以满足要求。可采用储运效率更高的有机物储氢技术,通过具备有机物加氢功能的船舶进行转运,至陆地后集中脱氢,能够充分利用船舶、储油罐、管道等已有的基础设施。海上风电制醇氨等氢基化学品便于海上储运,能够提高体积能量密度,融入到下游醇氨市场。海上风电制甲醇需要大量的二氧化碳,工厂可设置在陆地或利用海上富碳气田的二氧化碳资源。海上风电制绿氨所需的N2可直接从空气中分离制取,更适合于深远海海上风电的大规模储能和消纳,发展前景广阔。

China′s offshore wind power is showing a trend of deep sea,large scale and large single-machine capacity.Achieving the grid connection and consumption of large-scale offshore wind power poses a huge challenge to the offshore wind farms and power grids.It is necessary to explore diversified off-grid consumption methods adapted to the deep sea,large scale and high quality.The off-grid consumption of offshore wind power includes direct supply to offshore platforms,hydrogen production and production of hydrogen-based chemicals.Among them,the direct supply to offshore platform is limited in consumption,suitable for small-scale offshore wind power matched with the offshore oil and gas industry.The production of hydrogen and hydrogen-based chemicals is one of the most promising routes for offshore wind power development.The technology for hydrogen production from offshore wind power is basically mature,but the economy of large-scale hydrogen transportation from the sea to the land is a challenge.The traditional high-pressure storage and transportation method is expensive and difficult to meet the requirements.The organic hydrogen storage technology with higher storage and transportation efficiency can be adopted.It transports hydrogen by ships with organic hydrogenation function and then the organics are dehydrogenated in a centralized way after being transported to land,so that the existing infrastructures such as ships,oil storage tanks and pipelines can be fully utilized.Hydrogen-based chemicals such as alcohol and ammonia produced from offshore wind power are convenient for offshore storage and transportation,and can improve the volume energy density and integrate into the downstream alcohol and ammonia market.Methanol production from offshore wind power needs a lot of CO2,and the factory can be placed on land or use the CO2 resources from offshore carbon-rich gas fields.The N2 required by green ammonia production from offshore wind power can be directly separated from the air.It is more suitable for large-scale energy storage and consumption of offshore wind power in deep sea,and has broad development prospects.